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Chapter 152: Danning Guard, tasteless to eat, a pity to discard

~25 min read 4,936 words

The Jingnan campaign of the Great Ming Chengzu Wen Emperor was never defined as a reward for the Doyan Three Guards, that is, the Uriankhai Three Guards, until the end of the Jiajing reign. The reason why there is the saying that the Wen Emperor used the troops of the Uriankhai Three Guards to complete the Jingnan campaign earliest comes from the end of the Jiajing reign, Zheng Xiao's "Huang Ming Si Yi Kao" and the second year of Wanli, Yan Congjian's "Shu Yu Zhou Zi Lu."

Actually, this statement is entirely because scholars do not know military affairs, and they also cannot figure out why the Yongle Emperor wanted to abandon Danning Guard.

This is not considering the historical background at that time, but entirely guessing based on one's own ideas. Qi Jiguang can understand that Danning Guard, which had only soldiers and no civilians, was actually difficult to sustain. This is the remnant of the Yanshan Mountains, a hilly area, six parts mountain, three parts water, one part field, and not suitable for farming.

The Wen Emperor could never have thought that his grandson, Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, could create a Tumu Fortress disaster, and he could never have thought that the civil officials, who were timid and only dared to mutter in the early Ming, would create civil officials arbitrarily killing border generals, accelerating the trend of promoting literature and suppressing martial arts.

At that time, abandoning Danning Guard, using offense to replace defense, and maintaining border stability was the correct strategy. But after the Yongle reign, the curtain of promoting literature and suppressing martial arts was raised, and abandoning Danning Guard looked like a stupid decision.

Fortunately, Qi Jiguang came and entered Danning Guard.

The dilemma faced by the Wen Emperor at the beginning was actually something Great Ming had to face right now. In those years, this piece of land had no output, was not suitable for farming, and maintaining the Danning Regional Military Commission consumed a great deal. Now it is the same.

So the various Tuman tribes withdrew very decisively, because Tumen judged that Great Ming was just showing off its military might and could not stay long. When the court's rewards arrived, Great Ming should withdraw its troops.

"Found it, found it!" Chen Dacheng brought two scouts and rushed over like the wind, his face full of excitement, saying, "The thing the court wants, found it."

When Wang Chonggu was supervising the Yongding Wool Factory, he found a kind of bentonite in the northwest, which could remove dirt. People in the northwest often used it to wash clothes. This kind of bentonite had extremely strong adsorption power and could adsorb various impurities in wool. Most importantly, it could make wool whiter and softer.

Bentonite was provided by Altan Khan. Even Wang Chonggu could only buy it from the northwest, and the price was expensive.

Fortunately, this kind of bentonite could be reused many times after filtering, so it wasn't too passive. However, in the expansion of production capacity, it became constrained by the supply of bentonite.

This made Wang Chonggu very annoyed. In the past, the court stopped him from making money; now it was Altan Khan using bentonite to stop him, Wang Chonggu, from making money.

After Qi Jiguang entered Danning Guard, he was also looking for this kind of bentonite. Great Ming had everything, but this thing called bentonite really couldn't be found in the two capitals and thirteen provinces.

Activated bentonite can make vegetable oil, mineral oil, animal oil, monosodium glutamate, sugar, alcohol, etc., adsorb and decolorize. The decolorized oil does not volatilize acid, does not return color, and is clear and transparent. Great Ming's usage was extremely large. If you want to make white sugar, make sweet potato shochu, press oil, etc., you have to use this kind of adsorption bentonite, but Altan Khan in the northwest was very greedy.

"Where is it?" Qi Jiguang looked at the white soil brought back by the scouts, convinced it was the kind of soil he had seen that could wash clothes, and asked where the soil mine was.

Chen Dacheng hurriedly replied, "Taotu Mountain!"

"Let's go take a look." Qi Jiguang led the Vice Mobile Corps Commander and Regiment Commanders to point four thousand men and rushed straight to a place about twenty li northwest of Danning Guard. He saw the earth mountain. The whole mountain was covered under white snow, and one could see a contour. The white soil used by Great Ming, relative to this mountain, was really very little. One mountain was enough for Great Ming to use until the country perished.

The strategic purpose of the wool business was essentially to make the grassland people raise sheep, occupying water and grass pastures, making the grassland people unable to raise horses. Grassland people unable to raise horses lost their mobility they were proud of. In this way, Great Ming would be safer. And the wool business needed to use a large amount of bentonite, or rather, bleaching white soil. In front of them was a whole mountain, which could allow the wool business to expand production.

This was a good opportunity for Great Ming. Qi Jiguang walked forward, slowly squatted down, and used his hands to push away the white snow. Under the white snow, it had already frozen. This was a common phenomenon of snowing in October. The ground temperature was high, the beginning snow melted, the temperature continued to decrease, and the melted snow began to freeze.

This was also the reason why the grassland went south always choosing the autumn season. Once winter entered, the horses' mobility began to decline.

Qi Jiguang pushed away the white snow and saw the white soil under the snow, revealing a very sunny and brilliant smile. The Tatars were not stupid either; they also needed to wash clothes. Actually, there was a small workshop here responsible for mining these white soils, which could wash clothes.

"How many captives this time?" Qi Jiguang stood up and asked, patting the snow on his gloves.

Ma Fang opened his mouth and said, "Seven thousand captives."

"How about sending them here to dig soil?" Qi Jiguang discussed with Ma Fang the disposal of prisoners of war. Regarding these prisoners of war, according to past practice, they were all castrated to do hard labor. This kind of method was very common; this era did this. Qi Jiguang planned to let these prisoners of war come here to dig white soil and send it back to Great Ming.

Then the official road and post road from Danning Guard to Xifengkou would have actual use.

If they could move civilians from the interior to settle, even if they couldn't generally farm here, they could raise sheep. The dilemma faced by the Wen Emperor in the Yongle reign was something Great Ming had to face in the Wanli reign. If Danning Regional Military Commission had a certain economic foundation, then it would not be a tasteless chicken rib place that was a pity to discard.

"It is not impossible." Ma Fang pondered for a moment and chose to agree. He was a military general, and he was also a Jin Party member. He was the Datong Regional Commander. Because he discovered problems when inspecting Datong and Xuanfu Great Wall as a Vice Minister, Ma Fang was implicated, and in the court, he was impeached and finally dismissed from office, and then served as the Vice Mobile Corps Commander of the capital.

If the Great Ming court controlled white soil, then Wang Chonggu's control over the Yongding Wool Factory would further weaken. This was a weakening of the Jin Party. The Capital Battalion's successive victories beyond the frontier would also make the Jin Party more passive. Ma Fang had ten thousand reasons to stop Qi Jiguang's successive victories, and Zhang Siwei had not failed to look for Ma Fang, but Ma Fang had one reason: he could not stop Qi Jiguang from winning.

Ma Fang was a military general. Regardless of his political spectrum, Ma Fang's primary identity was that of a military general. He climbed from a wanderer returning from the south step by step to his current position by relying on military exploits. Everything he had came from military victory.

He was captured by the Tumet tribe to the grassland at the age of ten, suffered bitterly, and only then escaped back to Great Ming. As a wanderer, he climbed to his current status as the Vice Mobile Corps Commander of the capital, which was exchanged for victory.

So, he agreed with Qi Jiguang's decision, even if it would weaken the Jin Party's right to speak in the court to a certain extent.

"We may need to change our combat goals." Qi Jiguang stomped his feet and said, "Pursue the victory, head north all the way, fight to Quanning Guard, and do not withdraw the troops, but completely occupy Quanning Guard, forcing Tuman Khan to be completely driven out of Liaodong."

"What does the Regional Commander Ma think?"

Quanning Guard was located at the mountain pass of Tianshou Mountain (Greater Khingan Range). Occupying and restoring Quanning Guard, Tuman Khan could only go west to continue feuding with Altan Khan. For Great Ming, occupying Quanning Guard would completely cut off the connection between the Northern Hu and the Jianzhou Jurchens, which had extremely important significance for Great Ming's management of Liaodong.

Qi Jiguang planned to change his strategic goals, from the original threat to Quanning Guard, forcing the five Khalkha tribes to withdraw, to a complete offensive, attacking and occupying Quanning Guard.

This step was extremely risky, and Qi Jiguang was also somewhat hesitant, which was not many in his military career.

Ma Fang immediately shook his head and said, "It's too far. Our logistics cannot keep up at all. This expedition beyond the frontier, we have already done enough by taking Danning Guard. Continuing north is just to drive away the Northern Hu, completely controlling Danning Guard in our Great Ming's hands. Qi Commander! Don't be too radical."

"Our advantage is artillery, is firelocks. These all need logistics. Once the Northern Hu cuts off our supplies, the Great Ming army will immediately fall into a desperate situation."

Ma Fang believed this was a military risk and should not be so radical. This time we took back Danning Guard, next time we take another step, it is appropriate to take an inch at a time. Being too radical, once defeated, even if the Emperor protects us in every way, it will make the Capital Battalion fall into huge passivity.

Ma Fang was very persistent in his attitude. Even though Qi Jiguang was the Regional Commander, he continued to say, "This is a Capital Battalion trained for three years, plus the Jizhou army, isolated and deep, without flanks, without logistics, too dangerous."

"Do we still have a chance for the next attack?" Qi Jiguang looked at Ma Fang and asked quite calmly.

Qi Jiguang was the commander who disliked military risks the most, but he had to consider whether this was the only chance for the Great Ming Capital Battalion to attack. If it was, then the risk was worth it.

"Yes!" Ma Fang said decisively. According to his judgment of the court, he believed that this expedition beyond the frontier was just a beginning.

Qi Jiguang wanted to change the combat plan mainly for two reasons: the first was whether the court would continue to support the Great Ming Capital Battalion's northern expedition; the second was the Taotu Mountain in front of him. The appearance of Taotu Mountain might change the extremely fragile balance in the court.

Qi Jiguang still held a pessimistic attitude toward the current court.

Actually, this expedition beyond the frontier, in the eyes of many court officials, was entirely to show off military might. Under the situation of a young master and a suspicious country, it was indeed necessary to have military might to deter the ferocious criminals eyeing covetously around, so the court officials were also willing to promote military might. Then let's fight. Qi Jiguang had better lose, and impeach Qi Jiguang down!

Once, twice, mobilizing the masses is fine, but if the northern expedition continues, would the court officials really support it? Not to mention the old-fashioned rhetoric of "cherishing the distant people," Qi Jiguang, as a military man, could think that using the eight words "Chen Qiao Mutiny, Yellow Robe Added" could stir up a monstrous wind of public opinion against it.

Moreover, Danning Guard was a chicken rib place. The Great Ming Capital Battalion's expedition and occupation were actually meaningless, and the appearance of Taotu Mountain bentonite and the wool business might sway the court's direction.

Qi Jiguang always held a pessimistic attitude. It was not that he didn't trust His Majesty, but that he didn't trust the Great Ming court.

Even the merits and demerits of this battle might become ambiguous. This was the dilemma of the current Great Ming military men: winning is wrong, losing is wrong. Neither losing nor winning, building the Great Wall, and letting people make money is right.

"I support the Qi Commander's decision. This expedition beyond the frontier is afraid to be another round of endless arguments, sigh." Liang Menglong could very well understand Qi Jiguang's pessimism and agreed to continue north to completely occupy Quanning Guard. He also didn't look favorably on the Great Ming court; there were too many monsters and ghosts. Even his teacher Zhang Juzheng could only maintain the court situation in a relatively stable state.

"No, no, no, I have confidence in the Grand Secretary. I believe he can settle these. We win on the battlefield, then His Majesty and the Grand Secretary can win in the court. Winning is winning; this is an indisputable fact. If there had been a record of winning every battle in the northwest in those years, could the Jin Party still be like this?" Ma Fang still insisted on his opinion.

Qi Jiguang and Liang Menglong were very pessimistic, while Ma Fang was very optimistic. This was absolutely not the end; it would definitely, definitely continue the northern expedition.

This was a difference in cognition caused by different positions. Qi Jiguang and Liang Menglong were never Zhang Juzheng's opponents, so it was really, really hard for them to understand how terrifying it was to be Zhang Juzheng's opponent, especially under the premise of unlimited support from imperial power.

And Ma Fang, as a Jin Party member, could feel Zhang Juzheng's terror more intuitively.

The day Qi Jiguang received Zhang Juzheng's letter, Ma Fang also received Wang Chonggu's letter. Wang Chonggu stated very clearly that he must protect the grain and supplies and ensure the victory of the war. Once defeated, Zhang Juzheng would definitely use the Jin Party to sacrifice the flag and establish prestige.

"Then let's maintain the original plan." Qi Jiguang finally chose a more secure method in his hesitation.

He looked toward the south. He chose to trust His Majesty, believing that His Majesty would still give him a chance to display his ambitions, and His Majesty had promised to give him golden spears and iron horses, swallowing ten thousand miles like a tiger.

The news that the Capital Battalion entrenched in Danning Guard was taking two thousand Jizhou troops north again came out, and the five Khalkha tribes immediately chose to withdraw their troops.

Subahai of the Khalkha unit did not trust at all that Tuman Khan would guarantee his retreat. Once Tuman Khan chose to retreat west at Quanning Guard, the five Khalkha tribes attacking Liaodong would immediately be surrounded, surrounded on both sides by Great Ming's Capital Battalion, Jizhou army, and Liaodong guest troops, finally becoming turtles in a jar.

The Khalkha unit's reaction was extremely rapid, running very fast, but was still bitten by Li Rusong, pursued and killed for more than thirty li, leaving behind more than one thousand heads, fleeing in a sorry state. The Great Ming army won a great victory.

Qi Jiguang led his troops to withdraw to Danning Guard. In this battle, Great Ming won a complete victory over the various Tuman tribes.

The victory report followed the not-yet-fully-restored post road and was transmitted back to the capital, entering the imperial palace through the Ministry of War and the Northern Secret Service simultaneously.

At this time, Great Ming Emperor Zhu Yijun was holding court at the Imperial Gate. Worried about the war in the northeast, he was somewhat absent-minded about state affairs. Someone Zhang Juzheng, Ge Shouli, Hence Hai Rui, and Wan Shihe didn't know had passed away, and they asked the court to grant a posthumous title. Public opinion called him virtuous. The Emperor, who had grown up a few years, began to be rebellious. The more public opinion said this person was virtuous, the more the Emperor felt this person was not virtuous.

This rebellion of the Emperor was not aimed at Zhang Juzheng, but at these court officials.

"Report! Urgent report from the Capital Battalion!" A scout rushed into the Wenhua Hall like the wind and handed a report to the scout commander Zhao Mengyou, who presented it to the Emperor.

Everyone looked at the little Emperor holding the report. Seeing the little Emperor's mouth curl into a sunny and brilliant smile, everyone knew that the Great Ming army had won, and it was a great victory.

"Good, good, good!" Zhu Yijun stood up, holding the report, and said, "On the 17th of October, Jizhou Regional Commander Chen Dacheng of the western route set out from Xifengkou, advancing north all the way, winning successive battles, breaking fourteen enemy camps, beheading over 1,200, capturing over 3,000, and on the 23rd, met with the middle route army led by Qi Commander under the city of Danning Guard."

"On the 17th of October, Qi Commander led the Capital Battalion from Guangning Guard, set out beyond the frontier from Guangning Guard, successively recaptured Yingzhou Guard, Fushu County, and other passes, and arrived under the city of Danning Guard on the 21st, beheading over 2,200, capturing over 4,000."

"On the 25th, Qi Commander and Regional Commander Chen combined to attack, and the next day recaptured Danning Guard, beheading over 1,800, capturing 300. Tuman Khan fled at the sight of the wind!"

"On the 20th of October, the five Khalkha tribes, led by Tuman unit commander Subahai, harassed Yi County and Pinglu Fortress, but were all repelled by Ningyuan Earl Li Chengliang, beheading a total of over 200, entering a stalemate."

"On the 27th, Qi Commander went north again, the five Khalkha tribes were forced to withdraw, and the Ningyuan Earl led the infantry to pursue, beheading over 1,000. Our Great Ming army won a great victory, showing our Great Ming's military might!"

Zhu Yijun highlighted the process of this great victory! This round of offense and defense seemed to be only ten days, but going beyond the frontier to recapture Danning was a brilliant victory, greatly boosting the morale of the Great Ming Nine Borders. The enemy was not invincible!

The report was circulated to the court officials, who began to discuss it, everyone full of joy.

Tan Lun stood before the official screen, pointed at the map, and said, "Once we occupy Danning Guard, our front line in the northeast will change from the Great Wall line to the Danning Regional Military Commission area north of the Great Wall, turning from strategic passivity to strategic initiative."

"In the past, Tuman Khan and Altan Khan could go south at any time from the various passes of the Yanshan Great Wall, such as Beigu Pass and Xifengkou, to invade our Great Ming and plunder the capital region. This was something Altan Khan and Tuman Khan had done in the 29th year of Jiajing and the first year of Longqing. It is not alarmist talk."

"But now, whether it is Altan Khan or Tuman Khan, if they want to invade again, they must capture Danning Guard. This is strategic initiative."

"The significance of recapturing Danning Guard is significant, and it will greatly increase Great Ming's initiative in the northeast direction. Everyone, please look. Taking the five Khalkha camps this time as an example, if they want to invade Liaodong, our Great Ming army can attack from Danning Guard to threaten Quanning Guard, and the five Khalkha camps will have to withdraw."

"In the future, if Tuman Khan wants to harass our Liaodong and capital region again, he must pull out this thorn in the eye and thorn in the flesh of Danning Guard!"

"I only regret not being able to go together and not seeing it with my own eyes."

Tan Lun was very regretful for not seeing the recapture of Danning Guard with his own eyes. Qi Jiguang was as always winning successive battles. As long as he was given this opportunity, he could help Great Ming take back everything it had lost.

Tan Lun spoke very clearly and simply. Actually, it was very, very simple. In the past, wars always happened along the Yanshan Great Wall. Once broken through, iron hooves would plunder the capital region. But now Great Ming had an extra line of defense. In the future, if Tuman Khan and Altan Khan wanted to invade Great Ming, they would have to break through two lines of defense.

"Minister of War, when the front line is stable, I will allow the Minister of War to go to Danning Guard to take a look, but only to take a look." Zhu Yijun still did not agree to Tan Lun going to the battlefield in person.

"Thank you, Your Majesty, for your great grace." Tan Lun bowed and said.

Zhang Juzheng said with a smile, "According to the results of the previous court discussion, let the Yongpingzhen Guard army move to Danning Guard next spring. How fortunate, to be an official in the same court with all of you."

Zhang Juzheng's joy could not be covered. Qi Jiguang had won again, just like he had won before. This victory allowed Great Ming to obtain great strategic initiative. Even if the person dies and the government ends, is it possible for future generations to spit out what they have obtained? That is Sima Guang's behavior.

"Was this matter discussed in the court before? The matter of Yongpingzhen moving to Danning Guard." Zhang Han furrowed his brow and questioned, having absolutely no impression of this.

In Zhang Han's view, Great Ming capturing Danning Guard was just to show off military might, and after fighting, they would come back. This still required long-term occupation?

Hence Hai Rui said with a smile, "Ding is ding, mao is mao. The Central Secretariat has recorded the daily life, and one look will know."

Zhang Han was not at the court discussion on the day it passed. He took sick leave that day. Wang Chonggu was there, Ge Shouli was there, and Wan Shihe was there, but no one told Zhang Han the content of the court discussion that day. This also exposed a basic fact: on the day Zhang Han took sick leave, he didn't pay attention to what political decrees were passed at all.

This was typical of occupying a position without doing the work. As a court official, Zhang Han was very unqualified.

"Shouldn't we give the Marquis of Qian'an and the Earl of Ningyuan the hereditary certificates? This is a rare great victory." Wan Shihe looked at the map. Even if he didn't understand military affairs, he knew the importance of Danning Guard. Abandoning Danning Guard was one of the stains on the Wen Emperor, a strategic mistake more serious than killing Fang Xiaoru's ten clans.

"Grand Minister of Rites, will giving hereditary certificates have an impact on public opinion?" Tan Lun said very worriedly. Court officials were chattering endlessly, afraid that Wan Shihe would also be scolded bloody by then.

Wan Shihe said very gently, "Military exploits are given hereditary certificates. This has been the practice for two hundred years. The ancestral laws are above, and I dare not disobey."

He meant, let them scold. The ancestral laws are above. How could he, the Minister of Rites, disobey?

"The Earl of Ningyuan only beheaded 1,200 people. Why give the Earl of Ningyuan a hereditary certificate? Isn't this unclear rewards and punishments?" Minister of Personnel Zhang Han expressed his doubts. Li Chengliang beheaded 1,200 and also wants a hereditary certificate? This is hereditary and perpetual. How can the name and instrument be lightly granted?

"The Qi Commander's vanguard is Li Rusong. In this battle, Li Rusong was like a sharp blade, tearing through Tuman Khan's defenses with extreme speed. Is the Minister Zhang's meaning to let the Li family have two titles? That is not impossible." Wan Shihe looked at Zhang Han and explained calmly.

Zhang Han heard Wan Shihe's reason and could only nod and say, "In this way, it is reasonable."

Wan Shihe's reason was extremely sufficient, making Zhang Han unable to oppose.

Li Rusong was Li Chengliang's eldest son. Li Rusong fought successive battles and defeated the enemy, making great contributions. But having two titles in one family was the treatment only Xu Da, the King of Zhongshan, had, and it only appeared because of the Jingnan campaign.

According to Great Ming's eldest son inheritance system, even if Li Rusong died on the battlefield, this Earl of Ningyuan title would still be Li Rusong's son's.

Zhang Han was shameless and could actually block it for a while. For example, this battle happened beyond the frontier, the military exploits were unclear, was there any exaggeration, and should censors be sent to inquire?

But Zhang Han really couldn't say such words. Saying this would be offending Liang Menglong, Liu Yingjie, and the various military advisors to death. Zhang Han was not afraid of military nobles, but Zhang Han was still very afraid of civil officials.

If it was found that there was no false reporting of military exploits, then Zhang Han would use his own head to compensate Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang?

"Draft the decree for rewards! In addition to the rewards, each participating soldier will be given three taels of silver to buy warm coats, with the silver coming from the inner treasury." Zhu Yijun was very happy, really very happy, and planned to announce to the world immediately that the Great Ming army had won such a great victory beyond the frontier.

Wang Chonggu finished reading the memorial and said extremely surprisingly, "Bentonite! They found bentonite at Taotu Mountain in Danning Guard!"

"Why, is Minister Wang unhappy?" Zhu Yijun heard Wang Chonggu say this, and his face immediately darkened a bit. It's not just you northwest Jin Party that has bentonite; the court also has bentonite. Is Minister Wang so unhappy?

Wang Chonggu didn't notice the change in the Emperor's face. He bowed and said, "Your Majesty, please forgive me. This Altan Khan let the Third San Niangzi notify the Xuan-Da Viceroy Wu Dui that every bag of bentonite will increase in price by one tael of silver next year, and wool will increase to three qian and four fen per jin. He is asking for an exorbitant price and sitting on the ground to raise the price! One jin of wool is originally one qian and one fen of silver. He is raising it so much, I am unwilling, but there is nowhere else to buy it. I am just worried."

"If he doesn't sell, our Great Ming also has it."

"The Minister of Justice's thoughts and concerns are indeed so. Relying entirely on Altan Khan for supply is indeed easy to cause trouble." Zhu Yijun's face immediately recovered, and even the address changed from Minister Wang back to the respectful title of Minister of Justice. Don't pant when speaking; it's very easy to misunderstand!

Wang Chonggu didn't pay much attention to the change in the Emperor's address. He saw the three words "bentonite," and his mind was all on this. Naturally, he was suspicious: what is the reserve of Taotu Mountain bentonite, can it be mined, what is the price to the capital, is the bandit trouble along the way serious—all these were problems Wang Chonggu was thinking about.

The expansion of the Yongding Wool Factory had entered a bottleneck period. Altan Khan not only didn't provide enough supply but also wanted to raise the price. This made Wang Chonggu's head almost bald from scratching these past few days. Wu Dui kept saying to agree for now, occupy the credit of the wool factory first, but Wang Chonggu was unwilling to agree.

"Good, good, good." Wang Chonggu finished reading the report and said repeatedly that it was good. The court asked him to supervise the wool factory, but he didn't do it well. Both His Majesty and the Grand Secretary would have opinions on him, Wang Chonggu.

Zhang Juzheng furrowed his brow and looked at Wang Chonggu, asking, "Altan Khan wants to raise the price of wool?"

"Isn't it? It tripled." Wang Chonggu shook his head repeatedly and said, "I sent him a letter, and he said it was the Third San Niangzi who proposed the price increase. Now the Third San Niangzi is in charge in the Golden Country."

Zhang Juzheng's tone became impatient and said, "Short-sighted."

He didn't even look at how the current Great Ming was completely different from the previous Great Ming. Altan Khan's path was narrowed.

Requesting monthly tickets, Aowu!!!!!!

(End of chapter) ===== CHAPTER 153 =====

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