Chapter 212: My Mathematics Supplementary Volume

The thing that Royal Uncle Zhu Zaiyu created was a product that did not fit this era at all. It was a type of exploration and innovation, an application combining past experience. How useful it was is not certain; it was just at a level that could be used. Its efficiency naturally cannot be compared with the steam turbines of later generations. The thermal efficiency of steam turbines used in large ships and power plants in later generations can reach over 60%, while Royal Uncle Zhu Zaiyu's turbine is afraid that even 5% would be hard to achieve, and it is extremely unstable.

Zhu Yijun could clearly explain the principles involved, such as high-pressure steam, safety valves, the principle of stator blades accelerating steam, high temperature, high pressure, and high speed, which after passing through the rotor blades became high temperature, high pressure, and low speed, cooling and depressurizing at the stator blades, steam expansion, and then naturally increasing speed through the blades.

But making Zhu Zaiyu completely understand the logic within and then design it more scientifically—that was making things difficult for the Royal Uncle.

However, it was also a shocking miracle object, because the reciprocating steam engine was played with for more than two hundred years, and by the time of the triple-expansion steam engine, the thermal efficiency was only 8%, while the efficiency of this magical steam turbine was already close to 5%, which was extremely terrifying.

When Watt improved the steam engine, it was not through precise calculation and design, but a type of empirical practice.

Zhu Zaiyu's steam engine had a short working time and a low service life. High-temperature and high-pressure steam was fatal to the steam turbine. Materials science needed a breakthrough to adapt to high pressure and high temperature. High-temperature, high-pressure steam of 400° or 500° would easily break the fragile blades.

The next day, Zhu Yijun received a memorial from Royal Uncle Gu Xiancheng: how to extend the life of the short-lived steam engine? Gu Xiancheng used a strange line of thinking: reduce the weight of the safety valve on the high-pressure boiler, lower the temperature and pressure, reduce the pressure on the blades, and lower the high temperature of over 400° to below 200°.

Although this would further sacrifice efficiency, the service life could immediately be extended to a level sufficient for practical application.

"Royal Uncle is amazing." Zhu Yijun gave a vermilion comment on Gu Xiancheng's memorial. This was not to say that Gu Xiancheng had given up on the exploration of high pressure and low temperature, but was just a practical, theory-combined-with-reality way to let the steam engine be applied in practice.

The principle of the reciprocating steam engine is very complex: steam input pushes the piston, the piston drives the crank, and the crank drives the flywheel.

If you can't burn coal, then burn silver. Compared to Zhu Yijun's solution, burning silver was really useful. Zhu soon had a harvest.

Indeed, the supplementary volume did not affect the *jinshi* degree, but it affected the Emperor's attitude toward that student.

"Isn't this very simple?" Zhu Yijun said with great certainty: "According to the level of the Pangtong Hall, at most there are two questions at the level of the Mingli Hall. How could it be difficult?"

Your Majesty's stinginess was only aimed at extravagance. When it was time to act, 700,000 taels of silver were rewarded to craftsmen to improve craftsmanship. When Gu Xiancheng did not want it, the Emperor chose to add money. The 700,000 reward remained unchanged, and he chose to add it to Gu Xiancheng. The 700,000 in real gold and silver was still going to be smashed down.

Zhang Siwen understood. Your Majesty completely knew the difficulty of his test paper; it was just to make things difficult for the *juren* candidates. Your Majesty's skill in humiliating people was something Zhang Siwen highly recognized. In future historical evaluations, for this subject in the fourth year of Wanli, more than half of the students scored zero in mathematics, which I'm afraid will be laughed at for thousands of years.

"This matter is related to fine-spun wool." Zhang Siwen explained the logic within.

The Great Ming had a type of wine-drawing device: a long hollow rod with an air hole at the top. Putting the wine-drawing device into the wine, pressing the air hole, one could lift the wine up, and then releasing the air hole, the wine would flow into the cup. It did not use much atmospheric pressure.

"The distance from the seventh water surface to the ground exceeds three *zhang*. Any distance exceeding three *zhang* cannot draw water out," Ma Huiying said.

The capital gathered people from all four directions, and each hometown had its own guild hall.

"Your Majesty is wise." Zhang Siwen chose to agree. It didn't matter if the test was difficult; it could screen out a batch of officials who followed the imperial court's decrees. And because it did not affect the golden list, even students with poor educational resources who could only study the Four Books and Five Classics could have a relatively fair examination environment.

The depth of three *zhang* was the limit distance for a water-pressure machine to draw water. This was not to say that this type of device was useless; on the contrary, it was extremely useful and could greatly facilitate the lives of the people.

As long as Liu Badao placed the merit reward plaque at home, no wandering ruffians in the city would dare to come to the door to harass him. Holding the merit reward plaque and running to the Shuntian Prefecture office to say that he had performed meritorious service for the Great Ming, the Shuntian Prefecture office had to treat him cautiously because this Liu Badao had truly seen the Emperor.

"No need for formalities, no need for formalities. You were unable to solve the problem, so you cannot get the 700,000 taels, but I bestow upon you a third-class merit reward plaque, 1,000 taels of silver, a bottle of national cellar liquor, and specially bestow a bolt of fine-spun wool, an extra favor." Zhu Yijun had Feng Bao take out his reward.

"Your Majesty, this is too difficult." Zhu Yijun finished reading several questions and immediately gasped. He eased the Little Ice Age climate of the Great Ming. The Emperor was too radical. If this set of papers appeared in the examination hall, even if it wasn't 7,000 *juren*, 3,700 would score zero.

This was the Emperor's determination. Chen Youren, a person who talked nonsense, slandered the Great Ming capital camp, and slandered Qi Jiguang—the Emperor chose to kill him personally. This was the Great Ming Emperor's choice.

Zhu Yijun wanted to greet the Great Ming, but the Great Ming did not look at Zhu Yijun straight in the eye at all, directly sat in his own carriage, and left the examination hall.

And at this time, the Great Ming Senior Grand Secretary Zhang Siwen was in a daze. The willow trees by the zigzag bridge had already sprouted. Under the blowing of the spring breeze, ripples were stirred up on the lake surface. He had already tried many times. This was not Daoist magic; it was the principles of all things.

Zhu Yijun had never studied mathematics. It would be strange if he could. He wrote a bunch of nonsense and handed in the paper hastily.

Under heavy rewards, there must be brave men. All kinds of clever ideas appeared on Gu Xiancheng's desk. As long as there was a useful opinion, it would be adopted by Zhu Yijun, and a reward would be issued. The topic of using fire to lift water, under heavy rewards, began to rise.

"How is it going?" Zhu Yijun asked Zhang Juzheng about his miscellaneous newspaper while walking toward the zigzag bridge.

On the twenty-fourth day of the second month, they began to enter the examination hall. On the morning of the twenty-sixth day of the second month, the first session was held: three essays on the Four Books, five essays on the Five Classics;

"Water is coming out." Zhu Yijun looked at the exhaust port that had turned into a water pipe and said to Ma Huiying with a smile.

And this civil newspaper was organized by Geng Dingxiang and Wang Qian.

Zhang Juzheng, the top scholar, was always being scolded.

A total of twelve questions, sixty points, five points per question, graded according to steps.

"Didn't Ma Huiying organize a miscellaneous newspaper?" Zhu Yijun asked curiously.

Zhu Yijun only felt dizzy. His mathematics was extremely poor. If he had to take a mathematics test, he would definitely fail. When he looked at the mathematics test paper in despair, a line of words on it made Ma Huiying rekindle hope.

Zhu Yijun liked reading the civil newspaper very much. It was about matters closely related to the people. There were many interesting things inside. This civil newspaper did not have any partisan components. Zhu Yijun was very curious about who was organizing this newspaper.

This was just a small matter. After the Emperor took personal charge, he would definitely launch a bloody purge against the restorationist faction that was clinging to the new policies, especially the "Ancient Tomb" faction. This was beyond doubt. Anyone who blocked the new policies would end up in physical death.

"Your Majesty, Senior Grand Secretary said he is ready, please proceed, Your Majesty." Feng Bao bowed and said. The experimental site was at the Quanchu Guild Hall. Sun Jiyuan, who was organizing agricultural books at the Baoqi Department, heard this, closed the agricultural books, and stood up.

Zhu Yijun extinguished the oil lamp and continued to study his reciprocating steam engine.

Zhu Yijun looked at the completed water-pressure machine and couldn't stop smiling. Although this thing couldn't solve the problem of lifting water in mines—the bottom of mines was extremely complex, and the water level height exceeded ten *zhang*, so he still had to build a steam engine.

Just like people need to get haircuts and trim their nails, a huge and bloated personnel structure will inevitably choose to optimize a part. But in the process of optimization, one cannot just cut off the foot when it hurts, cut off the hand when it hurts, or cut off the head when it hurts.

The device was very simple: a bellows plus a pipe. The air inlet of the bellows was connected to the pipe, which extended into the artificial lake.

This thing had an extremely complex structure, and the cold chamber was soaked in water for water cooling.

Compared to the steam turbine, the biggest problem with the reciprocating steam engine was the difficulty of sealing. Both the connecting rod moving in and out and the connecting rod seal had to be sealed so as not to let the steam depressurize. This was the technical difficulty Zhu Yijun needed to overcome.

But any good thing for the people was something Zhu Yijun needed to pay attention to.

The hot air engine turned, and it turned very fast, but it was still not practical; it was just a toy.

Zhu Yijun and Liu Badao chatted for a long time, asking about his family situation, how many people, how old the children were, how he thought of sucking water, how he found the civil newspaper, etc. Until Liu Badao left, Zhu Yijun was still full of smiles and said to Zhang Siwen: "Who is the author of the civil newspaper?"

The first session was the most important. A total of one essay had to be written, all in eight-legged essay style. It was extremely difficult to understand. The reason it was difficult to understand was that there was no logic, and some phrasing was difficult to grasp accurately. In the words of the Great Ming students, this thing was empty and useless, having nothing to do with government affairs, and had no use at all.

You Yi chose to stop, but the water flow did not stop; it continued to flow out. Then the water flow became smaller, and the water stopped flowing. When You Yi pulled again, the water flowed out again.

Zhang Siwen looked at the Emperor's back and shook his head. Your Majesty was not joking; he could really do it.

Various miscellaneous newspapers in the capital began to report the imperial court's heavy rewards and look for people who could use fire to lift water.

Atmospheric pressure also had limits; it could only press water to about three *zhang* high.

Its application scenario could be used in wells lower than three *zhang*. This was a magical invention that facilitated the people.

There was a key platform for voicing opinions here: the civil newspaper.

Everyone was guessing that mathematics would definitely be added to the imperial examination. Unexpectedly, in the fourth year of Wanli, it was tested directly without any warning.

The third-class merit reward plaque was made of copper, and the 1,000-tael reward was enough for Liu Badao to change his class.

This was Zhu Yijun's purpose.

This device came from the "Civil Newspaper." It was not a steam engine, but it was also a type of water-drawing device.

Tan Lun's radicalism was like cutting off the head when the head hurt, while the Emperor's radicalism could easily turn into cutting off the hand when the hand hurt due to the development of the situation.

But Wang Qian was now under the Quanchu Guild Hall, so naturally, no one dared to make things too difficult for him.

It was very simple: the air in the pipe was sucked away, so the water was sucked up, utilizing atmospheric pressure.

"Sir, how about adding a supplementary mathematics volume? Whether the test is good or bad does not affect the golden list, but it can be considered a test," Zhu Yijun said tentatively. The quality of mathematics could judge a person's logical thinking. Zhu Yijun intended to find some capable people to farm, mine coal, measure land, return fields, collect taxes, etc., all of which required mathematical talent.

Miscellaneous newspapers could be described as a mixture of fish and dragons. Each author expressed all kinds of strange editorials with their own thoughts, which could be described as a dance of demons. But this civil newspaper never involved government affairs and specifically selected interesting things to publish.

"I think I'll use my set." Zhu Yijun saw Zhang Siwen's expression and knew that Mr. Zhang had already seen through his purpose, so he didn't hide it. It was clearly to humiliate the base scholars. If they didn't want to obey the imperial court's clear edict and refused to learn mathematics, then they shouldn't participate in the imperial examination and shouldn't have ambitions for power. Otherwise, they should obey the imperial court's decrees and execute them seriously.

The biggest technical difficulty was sealing. Both the slide valve chamber and the cylinder were connected to the flywheel by connecting rods, and both the slide valve chamber and the cylinder required sealing technology.

Zhu Zaiyu and Wang Qian were good friends. Both were keen on mathematics and discussed the solutions to the last two questions. Meanwhile, Zhu Yijun was full of smiles. Fortunately, he didn't listen to his father's words and bought textbooks from the imperial manor to study mathematics himself. Otherwise, this time, he would be embarrassed.

Zhu Yijun knew he was a secular person struggling in the red dust, so he didn't join the excitement.

"Sir, this set of questions is really too simple. Even a child like me can do it. Using it to test *juren* candidates—isn't this mocking *juren* for not studying mathematics?"

When Liu Badao found the civil newspaper, the civil newspaper did not take credit but reported it truthfully, which was commendable.

When the temperature difference between the cold chamber and the hot chamber was higher, the speed was faster. The Ministry of Weapons specially used a hollow design. The cylinder at the hot end was not regular and was cast using the lost-wax method. There were many holes inside for water to enter and exit, specially used to cool the temperature of the hot chamber.

Zhu Yijun left the Quanchu Guild Hall full of food and satisfaction and continued to tinker with his reciprocating steam engine.

Candidates entering the capital for the examination, except for those with houses in the capital, would all live in guild halls. Because during this period, the price of inns would rise significantly, and the imperial court had no official residences. Merchants from various hometowns began to build various guild halls. The Quanchu, Quanjin, and Quanzhe guild halls were born this way. Forming parties based on region became a matter of course.

On the twenty-fifth day of the second month, the second session was held: discussion, edicts, and judgments. Discussion was to interpret and discuss the given topics; edicts were to imitate the words and deeds of superiors to write corresponding Han edicts, Tang edicts, and Song tables; judgments were to write comments on official documents submitted by subordinates.

Zhu Yijun was reviewing the test papers Zhang Siwen had set, while Zhang Siwen was looking at the test papers the Emperor had set.

"Is the dog food cut off?" Zhu Yijun pondered for a moment and asked.

It was not that he wanted to act as regent, but the Great Ming Dynasty still needed him.

"Where is the craftsman who invented this?" Zhu Yijun finished looking at the physical object and nodded repeatedly. It was truly a clever water-drawing method. Although the height limit of three *zhang* was limited, it was indeed practical.

For *jinshi* candidates, the imperial examination was not the end, but the beginning.

It had two cylinders in total: one was the cold chamber, and the other end was the hot chamber.

Zhu Yijun had Feng Bao bring over a supplementary volume and said with a smile: "I also have a set, Sir, would you like to see it?"

Zhu Yijun rushed to the Quanchu Guild Hall. Zhang Siwen was waiting at the door, and the threshold had already been completely removed. Led by You Yi, Zhu Yijun came to the side of the pool by the zigzag bridge.

"Organized by Wang Qian and his teacher Geng Dingxiang." Zhang Siwen bowed and said. Miscellaneous newspapers were an important means of drumming up momentum and public opinion. Zhang Siwen had been paying close attention to who was behind them, and he had long been clear about it.

"Organized." Zhang Siwen said with a complex expression. As an "Ancient Tomb" faction member within the restorationists, how could Zhang Juzheng not organize a miscellaneous newspaper?

"Is it Wang Qian, who offended Zhang Juzheng at Yanxing Tower last time and almost couldn't register for the metropolitan examination?" Zhu Yijun had a deep impression of Wang Qian. This student had debated with scholars at the Chongzheng Academy in Nanjing, and after arriving in the capital, he became even worse, directly scolding Zhang Juzheng.

This meant that the mathematics paper did not affect the *jinshi* quota for this year's imperial examination. This made Zhu Yijun rekindle hope. When he began to answer the questions with great interest, he realized the terrifying nature of those test questions.

The slide valve was connected to the flywheel through the slide valve rod. As the flywheel rotated, the slide valve moved left and right, and steam entering the cylinder from both sides could be realized.

On the twenty-ninth day of the second month, the third session was held: policy questions, which was reading comprehension based on a passage of material.

Zhu Yijun opened the carriage window, looked at Zhu Zaiyu and Ma Hui discussing the exam with great excitement, sighed softly, and closed the carriage window.

Couldn't do a single question.

"Exactly," Zhang Siwen replied.

And the reciprocating steam engine was letting high-pressure steam enter the cylinder from both ends, pushing the piston left and right. The device that realized high-pressure steam entering the cylinder left and right was the slide valve connected to the flywheel.

The term "dog food" had appeared for the second time. The first time was when discussing the Imperial Academy's opposition to mathematics. Zhang Siwen was already accustomed to these precise and interesting terms from Your Majesty.

"Did he fart? If he didn't, I would have taken his dog head personally." Zhu Yijun flicked his sleeves. The Great Ming had some bottom lines that could not be touched. If Zhang Juzheng had compiled remarks similar to "Japanese pirates are also people," then Zhu Yijun could only personally clean up the moths.

*Juren* candidates entering the capital were very busy. They had to visit relatives and friends, submit name cards to visit famous celebrities, and participate in various poetry gatherings. If they passed, they would be classmates. If they studied under the same teacher, they would be fellow students. These were all human relationships that could not be avoided.

A major purge.

Many *jinshi* candidates could only see the Emperor once in their lives during the palace examination. If the Emperor was a bit lazy, they might not even see the Emperor once in their lives. At such a critical moment to win the holy heart, Zhu Yijun was very glad that his mathematics was still okay.

"It lost money and couldn't make ends meet. It announced suspension of business in the twelfth month of last year and closed down. Their set of restorationist theories was actually widely sought after in the scholarly circles, but it was somewhat boring. Few people bought it. Relying only on their own people for support, it lost money, so it had to stop."

Toward the end of the year, Shuntian Prefecture would become lively. Besides the joy of the New Year, it was the candidates entering the capital for the examination, participating in the metropolitan examination of the fourth year of Wanli. On the Lantern Festival, all candidates taking the exam began to enter the capital, and basically, they would all go outside the Meridian Gate to watch the Aoshan Lantern Festival.

The "Civil Newspaper," a miscellaneous newspaper that liked to report various things closely related to the people, reported a type of self-flowing water device. This device was not a perpetual motion machine that needed to do work, but a simpler way to draw water. It was also in response to the imperial court's call. Once this thing came out, it triggered heated discussions among the people.

Zhang Juzheng, as the top scholar of the previous subject, had extensive connections in the scholarly circles. Since Wang Qian had offended the abbot, he naturally couldn't worship the Buddha.

The Degree Hall, the Pangtong Hall, and the Mingli Hall—these three mathematics halls of the Imperial Academy were three-level teaching halls established under the national policy of "Degrees and Pangtong." In the metropolitan examination papers, they all started at the difficulty level of the Pangtong Hall.

Actually, Zhang Juzheng's miscellaneous newspaper could have continued to be maintained as long as the powerful gentry behind Zhu Yijun kept giving money. But recently, the attention of the powerful gentry had turned to fine-spun wool, so Zhang Juzheng naturally ran out of food and could not continue, so he had to stop.

Before the Chenghua years, the Great Ming's imperial examination did not use eight-legged essays. If one looked at the papers of the top scholars of past dynasties, one would find that the essays written by the top scholars in the early Great Ming were not so obscure. Only after the Chenghua years did the eight-legged essay become the standard.

Sealing and lubrication were a pair of contradictions. Emphasizing sealing meant one could not emphasize lubrication; emphasizing lubrication meant one could not emphasize sealing. And the hot air engine had to emphasize both sealing and lubrication, which caused the hot air engine to be difficult to apply.

This advantage was the wind of public opinion from the examiners. For example, most of the co-examiners this year were *jinshi* from the seventh year of Longqing. They were all Zhang Siwen's students. If they discussed the positive role of the powerful gentry in the test papers, they would easily be dismissed. But grasping the wind of public opinion meant grasping the direction of the examination.

Therefore, Zhang Siwen could not retreat. If he retreated, the world would enter a high-pressure state.

You Yi led the Emperor and the Senior Grand Secretary to the side of his own well. He extended the pipe into the well. The first well quickly drew water, but the second well did not.

Zhang Siwen discovered through practice that this thing was useful. The application scenario was limited, but it was indeed very easy to use and could greatly facilitate the lives of the people.

The sealing requirements for the hot air engine were much higher than those for the reciprocating steam engine and the steam turbine. Otherwise, the gas responsible for doing work would be gradually lost during the heating process, eventually stopping the machine.

Zhu Yijun lit the oil lamp. The cold chamber began to heat up. The air in the cold chamber expanded, pushing the piston. The piston pushed the connecting rod to rotate. When the connecting rod rotated, it drove the hot chamber piston to compress, pushing the cooled air into the cold chamber. Thus, it cycled back and forth.

According to the common understanding of the Great Ming and the West, they naturally disliked the basic principle of vacuum. Exceeding three *zhang* should also be able to press water out, but it just wouldn't work.

The supplementary mathematics volume would be announced after the *jinshi* selection in the metropolitan examination.

Modifying the bellows slightly would make a water-pressure machine. Coating it with tung oil could make it last for decades. There was a leather pad cover on the piston and water pipe inside. Air could only flow from bottom to top and could not flow from top to bottom. Of course, if the sealing was relatively poor, one could pour a little water down first to increase the sealing.

Your Majesty was already fifteen. Next year, after the wedding, he would reach the age of personal rule. He was already seriously considering the issue of retirement, but it seemed he couldn't retire.

This test really tested it out, but he didn't know who to tell about this, so he found the civil newspaper.

"Your subject thinks it's good." Zhang Siwen shook a mathematics test paper from his sleeve. He was actually hesitating, but since Your Majesty had said so, just adding it directly to the metropolitan examination would be fine.

Zhu Yijun was tinkering with the reciprocating steam engine, while Zhu Yijun, Ma Huiying, Ma Hui, Zhu Yijun, and others arrived at the door of the examination hall and entered the examination hall to prepare for the exam. They were full of confidence.

Zhu Yijun, Ma Huiying, Wang Qian, Zhu Yijun, and others handed in their policy question papers, thinking they had finished the exam, but then another paper was issued.

Zhu Yijun had another meal at the Imperial Tutor's house and talked in detail about the metropolitan examination. The Great Ming imperial examination held once every three years was about to have candidates enter the hall. This was selecting talent.

He was slightly distracted, pondering the issue after returning power.

You Yi stood by the bellows. After getting Zhang Siwen's approval, You Yi began to pull the handle of the bellows.

Wanting the application of the hot air engine in the engineering field was not as reliable as the steam turbine engineering application invented by Gu Xiancheng. Although Gu Xiancheng's steam turbine had various shortcomings, it was much better to use than the hot air engine that Zhu Yijun had made.

Zhang Siwen was extremely melancholy. His beautiful retirement life was drifting further and further away.

"If there are no law-abiding scholars and loyal ministers inside, and no hostile countries outside, the country will always perish." People are like this, families are like this, and countries are also like this. Born in sorrow and dying in peace. And Zhang Siwen was very gratified to see the civil newspaper, to see Ma Hui, and to see the standards followed by the civil newspaper: "Do one thing, believe in truth."

Once some things start, they will not be controlled by anyone, not even the Emperor, eventually brewing into a monstrous disaster that affects the entire Great Ming.

Ma Huiying had the craftsman brought before Your Majesty.

On the first day of the second month, the Great Ming Emperor issued an edict appointing the chief examiners. The chief examiners this year were Lu Diaoyang and Shen Shixing, and fourteen co-examiners were appointed. These fourteen co-examiners were the people who read the papers. If one could defect to the name of a co-examiner, there would be some advantages.

Ma Huiying said with a smile: "The dog food is cut off."

Before the metropolitan examination, Zhu Yijun had tinkered with a strange machine: a hot air engine, or a Stirling engine.

What would Your Majesty do after taking personal charge?

He envied the friendship between Zhu Zaiyu and Ma Hui very much. Zhu Zaiyu did not intend to enter politics. After passing the *jinshi* exam, he wanted to enter the Imperial Academy of Sciences, while Wang Qian wanted to go to the Audit Office.

This was truly rare.

The supplementary volume indeed did not affect the golden list, but it affected the image of that student in the Emperor's mind. The Emperor's sidelong glance and importance were a long ladder to heaven for a minister.

Zhang Siwen was like this. He was afraid that someone would deceive the Holy One, so he came to try it himself. After all, during the Jiajing years, there were fake Daoists who deceived the Daoist master and were punished by the Embroidered Uniform Guard Lu Bing. Your Majesty was young, and if he were deceived, Zhang Siwen, the Imperial Tutor, would bear the primary responsibility.

"Your subject kowtows to thank the imperial grace." Liu Badao was overjoyed. Just a simple idea actually obtained such a reward, which was truly a surprise beyond his expectations. In the future, when bragging to his son and grandson, he, Liu Badao, would also be a person who had seen the Emperor.

"Your subject pays respects to Your Majesty. Long live Your Majesty, long live, long live." Zhu Yijun sized up the person in front of him. He was a middle-aged man. According to the report of the civil newspaper, this man was a carpenter in the outer city named Liu Badao. When the imperial court issued an edict looking for a plan to use fire to lift water, he had an idea: since bellows could suck air, could they suck water?

This was something Zhang Siwen could foresee. Your Majesty's determination to revitalize the Great Ming was much greater than he had imagined!

Candidates entering the capital for the examination, except for those with houses in the capital, would all live in guild halls. Some *juren* candidates even took letters from local teachers to visit famous celebrities in the capital to defect. This kind of defection had advantages for both sides. Famous celebrities gathered parties, and the *juren* candidates, under the guidance of famous celebrities, were more likely to pass the golden list.

"It's mathematics!" Zhu Yijun looked at the paper and felt dizzy.

The hot air engine or Stirling engine turning is not difficult, but wanting to control the rotation speed, power, etc., is very difficult. Boiling water is chemical energy converted into thermal energy, the medium is water, while the medium of the hot air engine is gas, which also needs to be converted into thermal energy. Ask for monthly tickets, Aowu!!!!!!! ===== CHAPTER 213 =====