Chapter 356: Who Bewitched His Majesty Into Becoming So Evil?

Zhu Yijun leaned back in his grandmaster chair, quietly enjoying the sight of Diego getting beaten up. Marcus was itching to jump in and take over the beating himself. Diego had a habit of looking down his nose at people; he looked down on Marcus, he looked down on Antonio, and his general conduct and daily interactions were always in a manner that begged for a thrashing.

Luo Sigong did not hold back his strength.

Luo Sigong resolutely executed the Emperor's orders; even when facing the Emperor, he would give his all. In Luo Sigong's eyes, His Majesty's commands were above all else. Since the Emperor told Luo Sigong to beat someone, Luo Sigong beat Diego so badly that even his own father wouldn't recognize him.

Zhu Yijun looked at Li Yashi and asked, "Special Envoy Li, did the Minister of the Court of State Ceremonial not inform you that if you want to take the ships, you must pay more?"

"He did, and we are currently discussing it," Li Yashi said very firmly. "We must pay more, but unfortunately, two of our great galleons sank this time, and only three reached the port. I fear we will have to owe some money."

"The interest on money owed to Me is not low, you know," Zhu Yijun reminded him with great kindness.

Even when Antonio bowed his head in submission, he had to pay interest when borrowing money from Zhu Yijun. Antonio's interest rate was not high, only 4%, but when it came to Philip II, the annual interest rate would soar to between 24% and 32%, because this involved risk.

This interest rate was extremely expensive; even for war reparations that could not be paid in a short time, the interest was generally around 4%.

The moment the Great Ming Emperor opened his mouth, it was 24%; he was truly a great philanthropist.

Zhu Yijun set such a high interest rate, of course, because Philip II lacked reliable captains. This time, the navigator was Antonio's first mate, Marcus.

Zhu Yijun, this greatest landlord and wealthy man of Great Ming, had the exact same face as the local squires and gentry when lending money; he wished he could extract the bones and suck on them.

"Your Majesty, could it be a little less?" Li Yashi's face showed his difficulty. This interest rate was truly too high. Some money shops in Great Ming didn't even have such high compound interest. Borrowing one million from Your Majesty meant paying back at least 1.24 million silver by this time next year!

This wasn't borrowing money; why didn't the greedy Your Majesty just rob them directly!!

"Your monarch has no captains; what can I do?" Zhu Yijun spread his hands, feeling powerless about this. He said with great helplessness, "I am just an Emperor. If I lower the interest rate for you, the eunuch Cui Min of the Inner Treasury will really have to slam the table at Me."

"But Antonio only has 4%, while we have at least 24%. Isn't this a bit too much?" Li Yashi began to bargain with the Great Ming Emperor. If he didn't agree, he wouldn't get the ships; if he did agree, Diego would likely be executed directly by Philip II upon returning to the West.

"How much?" Marcus widened his eyes, looked at Li Yashi, and said in a daze, "24%?!"

Marcus was so surprised that even though he had been reminding Diego not to lose his composure before the Emperor, he himself revealed an expression of extreme horror, which was already a loss of composure.

As Antonio's first mate, Marcus was very clear about the interest rate at which the Emperor lent money. He had been wondering before why Li Yashi, as Philip II's special envoy, refused to agree and kept hesitating over an interest rate of only 4%. Li Yashi could have covered that little bit of interest himself.

Now Marcus knew why Li Yashi was so hesitant.

"Indeed," Zhu Yijun nodded. This was calculated by the eunuchs of the Inner Treasury, mainly because of the risk and also because of the collateral.

The money Zhu Yijun lent to Antonio back then was indeed for the interest, but also to plot for Antonio's collateral—the plantations of the Ten Thousand Li Sea Embankment. From the very beginning, Zhu Yijun was not aiming for the interest; how much could the interest be? Were those plantations just plantations? They were individual exploration bases and the starting point for Great Ming's management of the Ten Thousand Li Sea Embankment.

The plantations he had been thinking about day and night finally ended up in Zhu Yijun's hands, and they belonged to Great Ming in a legitimate, open, and upright manner, although one of the hardest nails to pull out remained.

"Philip II can choose not to pay back; the risk of bad debt is truly too high." Zhu Yijun leaned back in his chair and tapped the table. Antonio dared not fail to pay back; if he didn't, Great Ming would take the plantations of the Ten Thousand Li Sea Embankment in one go.

Philip II was much bolder. The one who owes money is the boss; if he doesn't give it, would the Great Ming Emperor really run to the West to collect it?

"If he doesn't pay back, wouldn't he be unable to do business with Great Ming? My monarch is not that short-sighted." Li Yashi was still speaking for Philip II. How could the monarch of the dignified Sun Never Sets Empire damage his own credibility for such a small debt?

"He has no captains, and the interest won't rise to 24%. He is currently overwhelmed; the risk of war is truly too great. Great Ming has a saying: 'Water has no constant shape, and soldiers have no constant formation.' This means that fighting a war is like water; it has no fixed form. While the Franks are indeed powerful, under internal and external troubles, I must consider the risk."

"If he weren't overwhelmed right now, he naturally wouldn't be short-sighted, but he can only take care of the present for now. Being able to take care of the present is already not bad."

Zhu Yijun was talking about the war risk Philip II was facing.

Philip II's enemies included the English, the French, the internal rebellion in the Netherlands, the naval and land attacks of the Green Radish Ottoman Empire, and the recent harassment fleet of Antonio.

His Invincible Armada was not invincible.

"The Hou Jue of Santa Cruz will use the sword in his hand to bring peace to the Empire!" Li Yashi clenched his fists and said forcefully. These war threats had indeed always been there. The father of the beaten Diego, Álvaro de, would use the sword in his hand to eliminate all enemies.

"If he weren't so strong, the interest wouldn't be so high." Zhu Yijun smiled, looked at the Imperial Preceptor Qi Jiguang, laughed, and shook his head, saying, "The monarch is overwhelmed by external enemies, and the country is precarious due to internal troubles. If the Hou Jue of Santa Cruz weren't so strong, if he weren't a living god of war in the West, I wouldn't have set such a high interest rate."

"With the country going downhill, how can one talk about 'revitalizing martial arts'?"

Besides the maritime trade risk itself, there was also the war risk, as well as the political risk Zhu Yijun mentioned. This was the fundamental reason why the interest rate was so high.

The greater the risk, the greater the return; this was very reasonable. If this debt really became a bad debt, Zhu Yijun would have no choice but to impose punitive tariffs on all ships coming from the West.

"Your Majesty, this..." Li Yashi was finally speechless. He had known from the beginning that His Majesty was eloquent, and now he understood it even more clearly.

Zhu Yijun squinted his eyes at the beaten Diego and said with a smile, "Philip II is a very smart man. He sent over a noble son who knows nothing about maritime trade and is even somewhat arrogant. It seems like he is full of sincerity, but isn't this fellow also a hostage?"

"Special Envoy Li, the top level of the Sun Never Sets Empire is not as calm as you imagine."

Zhu Yijun was a person who loved to tell the truth.

Diego was not a suitable candidate. Even if Philip II had sent his own son, it wouldn't have been surprising, but he sent the son of his greatest war god. What this implied was very intriguing.

"But this interest rate is too high." Li Yashi was still struggling. What His Majesty said made sense, and it made sense for Great Ming to want such a high interest rate, but it was still too high.

Li Yashi could no longer go back. As a servant of God who had sworn before God to remain unmarried for life and serve God for his whole life, he had already betrayed his vow. If he went back, he would be sent to the stake. But Li Yashi was still fulfilling his duty, the duty of a special envoy, running around for the interests of Spain.

Zhu Yijun raised an eyebrow and said with a smile, "I said, Philip II, he can choose not to pay back."

"If we owe Your Majesty money and don't pay it back, even if it's tens of thousands of li away, the Great Ming navy will still come to collect it. Money is not important, but a monarch's humiliation is a subject's death." Li Yashi understood Central Plains culture very well. If they owed the Emperor money, the Great Ming Emperor would really launch a war to recover the debt, even if it were far away in the West. Money or not was not important; the face of the Celestial Empire was too important.

Zhu Yijun smiled and didn't talk much more, instead watching with great interest as Luo Sigong beat Diego up. Diego was no match at all; he was just a playboy.

"Your Majesty, I'm afraid he'll be beaten to death if we continue." Qi Jiguang saw that the timing was about right and stepped out to persuade His Majesty to calm his anger. If he didn't call a stop, Luo Sigong would really dare to beat Diego to death. Dying was just dying, but it was inauspicious.

Zhu Yijun nodded and said, "Since the Grand General has spoken, stop."

"Marcus, do you want to spar with My vanguard Li Rusong?" Zhu Yijun looked at Marcus and asked. When Marcus first arrived in Great Ming, he had a fight with Chen Lin. Although he lost, Marcus had never been convinced. He wanted to see if this Western Sword Saint was more powerful or if Great Ming's number one vanguard was more powerful.

"Your Majesty, I am no match for him. His Highness Antonio is still waiting for me to go back and continue serving him." Marcus was very sincere and admitted defeat directly. It wasn't about social niceties; Marcus had already seen Li Rusong's martial prowess with his own eyes, and he still wanted to keep his life to return to the West.

There was no need to fight. His life was his own, and he had to cherish it. If he couldn't win, he couldn't win.

"Special Envoy Li, take Diego back. I will send the Great Imperial Physician to heal him." Zhu Yijun let Li Yashi take Diego away, while Marcus was kept behind alone.

Zhu Yijun came to the warm pavilion of the Wu Ying Tower. This was the cold pavilion of Great Ming in summer, and this was the place to talk. Zhu Yijun signaled for Qi Jiguang and Marcus to sit down and talk.

Qi Jiguang carried the Son of Heaven Sword and sat steadily beside Zhu Yijun.

The Son of Heaven Sword—in the first year of Wanli, Qi Jiguang defeated Dong Huli, completely annihilated the reinforcements that came to support Dong Huli, and captured Dong Huli's nephew, Bu Hachu. Dong Huli killed Tang Kekuan at Beigukou, and Zhu Yijun had Bu Hachu beheaded. That year, Qi Jiguang came to the capital to receive his reward, and Zhu Yijun bestowed favors at the Huangji Hall and suddenly conferred upon Qi Jiguang the title of Count.

This status was very important; Qi Jiguang became a military noble, which was why he could become the Commander of the Great Ming Capital Battalion.

The Son of Heaven Sword that Qi Jiguang wore was bestowed by Zhu Yijun at that time.

At that time, the situation in Great Ming was going downhill. The Great Ming court still owed 110,000 silver for the late Emperor's mausoleum. At that time, Zhu Yijun was only ten years old. At that time, the situation in Great Ming was not suitable for "revitalizing martial arts." There were many reasons; in a word: the Chen Qiao Mutiny, the yellow robe being put on.

This was not alarmist talk; it was something that had truly happened.

That day, Zhu Yijun kept it from everyone, even Zhang Juzheng, and conferred the title on Qi Jiguang. The moment he handed the Son of Heaven Sword to Qi Jiguang, Zhu Yijun actually handed over his own life, his brother's life, the lives of the two Empresses Dowager, and the life of Great Ming to Qi Jiguang.

If Qi Jiguang had taken the Son of Heaven Sword, organized the Capital Battalion, and really taken his sword to cut off Zhu Yijun's head, Zhu Yijun would have accepted it.

This was a "revitalization of martial arts" that took on huge risks; it was a "revitalization of martial arts" where Zhu Yijun bet his entire fortune.

The matter of "using martial arts to violate prohibitions" was not a rare thing in any dynasty, ancient or modern, domestic or foreign. Even in tiny Ceylon, there was a precedent of the King's nephew launching a military coup, and even chasing and killing the Crown Prince across the ocean for thousands of li.

What did Qi Jiguang do? He used the sword bestowed by His Majesty to kill wherever His Majesty's sword pointed.

Zhu Yijun respected Zhang Juzheng very much, and he also respected Qi Jiguang very much. To this day, Qi Jiguang was also the only external official who could wear a sword within three zhang of Zhu Yijun.

In the original history, after Zhang Juzheng died, Qi Jiguang was demoted to Guangzhou in the court's infighting. Qi Jiguang didn't do anything; even though he had 100,000 strong troops under his command, Qi Jiguang still left silently.

Thinking about it, Qi Jiguang on the day he left the capital, looking at the city gate that was getting further and further away, must have already had a heart like dead ashes.

And Qi Jiguang was looking at Marcus. Marcus was a Sword Saint in the West. If Marcus dared to suddenly rise up and kill, assassinating His Majesty, Qi Jiguang would make Marcus regret coming to this world. The private room of the Dissection Institute was waiting for Marcus.

"First Mate, I am still used to calling you that." Zhu Yijun talked about the situation in the West.

Marcus explained Antonio's recent situation in great detail. The naval battle took place near the Azores, which was a sea area belonging to the Free City of the Free Islands. Two large-scale naval battles took place in total. Even though they repelled the Invincible Armada, Antonio paid the price of three five-masted ocean-crossing ships. Tang Huan was the Regional Commander, and he seriously underestimated the combat power of the five-masted ocean-crossing ships, which led to the Invincible Armada returning without success.

Antonio indeed won, but the losses were extremely heavy. Philip II indeed lost, but he could still continue to replenish the fleet.

Philip II's strength was too strong.

"His Highness Antonio had to agree to Philip II's conditions, because if he didn't agree, Philip II would likely send the Hou Jue of Santa Cruz to lead the Invincible Armada to conquer him. By that time, His Highness Antonio would undoubtedly be defeated." Marcus explained the background of the negotiations.

The Invincible Armada led by Tang Huan and the Invincible Armada led by the Hou Jue of Santa Cruz were simply not the same concept. If the Hou Jue of Santa Cruz really went on an expedition, Antonio could only really become a pirate.

"This Hou Jue is so powerful. I heard his battle record is only victories on land. Is he also good at naval warfare?" Zhu Yijun was stunned and asked somewhat suspiciously.

"Yes, compared to land warfare, the Hou Jue is better at naval warfare, just like the Grand General." Marcus really had a complex expression. The Hou Jue of Santa Cruz was Philip II's greatest trump card, a veteran general who was good at army building, good at land warfare, and good at naval warfare.

"Is there also a saying in the West about 'merit so high it shakes the master'?" The political risk Zhu Yijun talked about with Li Yashi was a pretext to raise the interest rate. He didn't know much about the phenomenon of "merit so high it shakes the master" in the West. Philip II had a Hou Jue who was good at fighting but didn't use him, instead using Tang Huan who was prone to losing battles. What was the consideration?

Zhu Yijun put himself in Philip II's shoes to think, and only got one answer: merit so high it shakes the master.

He originally thought this was a unique culture of the Central Plains, but now it didn't seem that simple.

Marcus said quite firmly, "It's all the same, Your Majesty."

"The last Roman, Aetius."

"The Protector Aetius used his own sword to protect the Roman Empire for twenty years. The Rome he gave his all for had already decayed to the point of near collapse, but Aetius still used his own martial prowess and strategy to fight for the Roman Empire, successively resisting the harassment of the Germanic people and the Huns."

"More than 1,100 years ago, the Protector Aetius entered the palace to see the Roman Emperor to discuss the marriage between his son and the princess. The sixty-something-year-old Aetius never expected that Valentinian III would stab his sword at him. The Emperor's close ministers and the nobles who were jealous of Aetius also joined in. When Aetius was killed, there were more than a hundred swords stuck in his body."

"The following year, the Roman Emperor Valentinian III was also killed by a regicide. Three years after the Protector died, Rome was breached by the Vandals. Twenty-one years later, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire was deposed by the commander of the Imperial Guard, and the Western Roman Empire perished."

Marcus told a story that almost everyone in the West knew, but Great Ming didn't know much about. The last Roman before the Western Roman Empire perished, Aetius, had his backbone broken by someone, and the Emperor Valentinian III who broke the pillar of the Empire was killed by someone the following year.

What's interesting is that the first substantial Emperor of the Roman Empire, Caesar, died in a palace assassination, and the last Protector and mainstay of the Western Roman Empire also died in a palace assassination.

It must be said that history is a cycle, always so familiar.

According to the translations of the Minister of the Court of State Ceremonial Chen Xuehui, the Doctor of the Institute of Universal Learning Gao Qiyu, and others, the word "Caesar" only represents the meaning of Emperor in the West; King and Emperor are completely different.

"Your Majesty, 'merit so high it shakes the master' essentially means that the army is gradually completely controlled by the generals during long-term warfare. The general's own personal prestige has exceeded that of the monarch and the court, as well as the checks and balances of many parties, finally forming a threat to the monarch. If this Hou Jue is really good at fighting, it is normal for Philip II to be wary of him leading troops on an expedition." Qi Jiguang explained the term "merit so high it shakes the master" in great detail, without realizing at all that he was the representative figure of "merit so high it shakes the master."

This Hou Jue in the West is good at fighting, but can't Qi Jiguang, this Hou Jue, fight?

"Philip II can't figure it out, but I have never worried about Qi Shuai leading troops on an expedition." Zhu Yijun said quite firmly. Every time Qi Jiguang led troops, the troops he brought were absolutely enough to rebel. Zhu Yijun never doubted it, and Qi Jiguang never thought about rebelling.

"Great Ming's military construction exceeds that of the West. Mutual checks and balances make the success rate of military coups extremely low. Of course, the most critical thing is that Your Majesty is at the Northern Camp every day. We are now in the Wu Ying Tower, and every soldier knows what Your Majesty looks like." Qi Jiguang said very indifferently.

If His Majesty doubted him, he wouldn't come to the Northern Camp. His Majesty comes every day, just like returning to his own home.

The ancestral law of Emperor Chengzu Wen personally inspecting the troops every day is really useful, it's just a bit exhausting for the Emperor.

"Philip II is already a very diligent man." Marcus had great respect for Philip II; he was a respectable opponent. This fellow's diligence was known to all in the West. Human strength has its limits; the Great Ming Emperor had Zhang Juzheng to assist with state affairs, allowing him to devote more energy to military development, whereas Philip II was completely different.

Zhu Yijun chatted with Marcus for a long time. From their conversation, Zhu Yijun learned one thing: the current Portuguese King's illness was not ordinary.

The current illness of the Portuguese King, Henry the Chaste, was likely man-made rather than a natural affliction.

Before becoming king, Henry was a bishop and had no family. Once he became king, he had to face the issue of a successor. At that time, Henry had two choices: either find a wife and have children, or select an heir.

If Henry chose the latter, then only Antonio and Philip II were strong contenders.

Henry chose the former. He wanted to marry one of three candidates: the Austrian Princess Isabel, Maria—the eldest daughter of the Duke of Braganza—or Philip II's daughter.

On September 24, in the sixth year of Wanli, Henry wrote to Philip II requesting to marry his daughter. Later, on October 28 of the same year, he wrote to Pope Gregory XIII requesting permission to break his vow of celibacy and lifelong service to God.

Philip II and Pope Gregory XIII tacitly chose to refuse. Henry the Chaste later wrote several more letters, but they were like stones dropped into the ocean. Not long after, Henry began to fall ill, and the court pharmacists and his confidants remained tight-lipped about his condition.

Antonio had spent a great deal of silver and finally managed to find one person: Cristóvão de Moura. This man was the commander of the Portuguese royal palace guard and also the nephew of the Hou Jue of Santa Cruz.

The truth seemed unimportant, as no one was paying attention to Henry the Chaste's body anymore. Perhaps Henry was already dead.

"When the First Mate leaves, I will lend Antonio five more five-masted ocean-crossing ships. He lost three, so his days ahead will likely be even harder. Of course, it is a loan; he must pay." After finishing his chat with Marcus, Zhu Yijun told him of a decision.

"I thank Your Majesty for your generosity. These five five-masted ocean-crossing ships are valued at 1.25 million silver; if the markup is included, it reaches 1.5 million silver. Your Majesty, how is the interest calculated?" Marcus was very grateful for the Great Ming Emperor's generosity, but he was very wary of the interest.

Zhu Yijun looked at Marcus and said, "If he obtains the Portuguese throne, then from now until the time he secures it, the interest will be calculated at 24% per annum. Afterward, he can obtain a rollover period of up to twenty years. During these twenty years of rollover, the annual interest will be 4%. If he fails to obtain the throne, I can only demand this debt from the Goa Viceroyalty and the Diu Viceroyalty."

"Merciful Your Majesty, allow me to go back and think about this carefully." Marcus was somewhat dazed, as if he had heard the whisper of a devil. The Emperor smiled brightly, but behind the sunshine of this big boy lay a devil leading people into hell.

This was a gambling agreement; Great Ming would absolutely not lose. Even if Antonio truly died in the West, Great Ming could still collect this debt from the Goa and Diu Viceroyalties. The plantations along the Western Ocean (Indian Ocean) and African coasts were geese that could lay golden eggs every year. If Antonio luckily won, Great Ming would also become the creditor of the Portuguese King.

Beyond the loose political tether, there would be an economic tether tightening around Antonio.

"First Mate, your Prince Antonio does not have many choices." Zhu Yijun smiled and said.

Antonio did not have many choices. Once the struggle against Philip II—who sought to expand territory through marriage and incorporate Portugal into his map—began, there was no turning back. The threat of that God of War Hou Jue was like a sword hanging over his head. Under such a huge threat, he could only spare no cost to strengthen his own power.

Three-masted galleons could be bought in the West, but what about five-masted ocean-crossing ships? Antonio's flagship could only be bought in Great Ming.

"Can we ask for more?!" Marcus pondered for a moment. It was indeed so; Antonio had no choice. Since he had to borrow, he might as well bet his life and family fortune.

"How many do you want?" Zhu Yijun asked with a smile.

"Twelve ships!" Marcus gritted his teeth and made his choice.

"Granted."

Marcus left, covered in sweat. This huge war loan might become Antonio's lifelong nightmare, but Marcus and Antonio had no other choice. If they lost, they would have nothing.

"Your Majesty, what if Antonio cannot pay it back?" Qi Jiguang was counting the interest on his fingers. If one's arithmetic is bad, one cannot be a general. The dense logistics ledgers could empty the entire Capital Battalion. Qi Jiguang's arithmetic was excellent, and in no time, he had calculated the interest clearly.

Just for these twelve ships, if it took Antonio ten years to win, the compound interest would be a debt of 26 million taels of silver. Even with a twenty-year rollover and 4% interest, the interest alone would reach 12.26 million, with the total principal and interest amounting to 39.26 million—nearly 40 million taels.

The most critical question is, will Antonio only borrow this once? Likely not. As someone vying for the throne, he had already paid the sunk costs and would only act like a gambler, borrowing again and again. Even if he became the Portuguese King, Antonio would have to pay an extremely heavy price for this loan.

Philip II could only collect 2 million silver in taxes from the Netherlands region in a year!

"If he really becomes the Portuguese King and cannot pay it back, we can just continue to roll over the debt. If he still cannot pay, he can sell things to me—copper mines, plantations, silver mines. I will take all comers; the more, the better." Zhu Yijun smiled brightly.

Qi Jiguang's hand gripped the Son of Heaven's sword, his brows locked tight as he said, "Your Majesty, who is whispering these evil words in your ear?"

Qi Jiguang could no longer suppress his desire to "rectify the court." Who was whispering in the Emperor's ear, bewitching him to become so evil?

Zhu Yijun glanced at Feng Bao and Zhang Hong. Feng Bao and Zhang Hong immediately knelt on the ground. Feng Bao said in great terror, "Your Majesty, although I have done many evil things, I have never said these words! Your Majesty, please examine this! I have never heard of this interest, compound interest, rollover, or asset pledging, Your Majesty."

"If even Attendant Feng doesn't understand these things, I understand them even less." Zhang Hong was also terrified. Feng Bao read many books; if even he didn't know about these things, how could Zhang Hong understand them?

Feng Bao and Zhang Hong looked at each other. This blame was something they truly could not bear. Bewitching the wise and holy Emperor would not only lead to being sent to Fengyang to grow sweet potatoes, but they would also bear the infamy of history in future spring and autumn critiques.

Heaven and conscience, what virtue or ability did they have to teach these things? They didn't even know them themselves.

Zhu Yijun smiled and said, "Rise, rise. I think what you wanted to say is that it is getting late and we should return to the palace. Look at how scared you two are; your courage is too small."

"General Qi, no one is talking nonsense to me. Don't the powerful and wealthy families of our Great Ming lend money this way? I learned it from them."

Everything was very reasonable. These methods of the Emperor were all learned from the powerful and wealthy families; this was how they usually lent money.

Henry did indeed request Philip II. This is an excerpt from the original letter: "If you have a daughter of suitable age, and hope she can marry early to carry on the family line, then she would certainly be my primary choice. I believe you have the kindness to marry her to me, but I also know this cannot be realized. I would like to propose to one of your close relatives, that former Queen of France, your niece and sister-in-law. There are so many people who want to marry her, and I am one of them." Begging for monthly votes, Awoo!!!!!!!!!!!!

(End of chapter)