Chapter 448: The Boundaries of Freedom

Is the trading house really the only way for the poor and the poor to turn over? Is the trading house really a window opened by money to the poor and the poor?

That is just Wang Qian's wishful thinking. He is a playboy, and his pearl business harvested the powerful and wealthy below him. So, when the commoners entered the market with their hard-earned savings, they were just harvested.

Therefore, for tickets like shipping tickets, the lowest entry threshold is 5 taels of silver, and only those with a little surplus wealth can participate.

Shen Shixing hopes that the imperial court can issue special tickets for sea opening investment in the trading house. This is naturally to allow more silver owners, especially the wealthy households in the north, to deeply participate in the sea opening affairs. The Great Ming's sea ban began with the imperial court's move north and the capital's change from the southern yamen to the northern yamen. The resistance to opening the sea comes from the southern yamen, and also from the northern yamen, roughly similar to "I can't eat it, and you can't eat it either."

And the trading house issuing special tickets for sea opening investment can allow both the north and south of the Great Ming to get a share, reducing the political resistance to opening the sea.

And Shen Shixing did not hide his thoughts. The purpose of doing so, in his view, is to transfer investment risks downward.

The scope of shipping tickets is extremely narrow, only involving the ships themselves. And Shen Shixing believes that the full profit period of the Great Ming's sea opening investment has passed, and future investments are likely to lose money. Then, putting the business that may lose money into the trading house will transfer the risk of losing money to the speculators gambling in the trading house.

Shen Shixing does not oppose speculation, but speculation has always been like this, with gains and losses.

In Shen Shixing's view, the sea opening investment of 37.12 million taels in the first three phases, under the special background of "the young master is few and the country is suspicious," was a helpless move to make the ministers submit, appease the Jin Party that was severely hit, promote the Zhe Party, and preserve the strength of the Chu Party to achieve balance.

In the subsequent sea opening investment, the imperial court should focus on the official factory group manufacturing controlled by the national treasury and the inner treasury. If funds are lacking, national debt should be used to raise funds, which is also the beginning of the separation of public and private.

The Great Ming inner treasury and national treasury were completely separated during the Jiajing era. Before Jiajing, the Great Ming Ministry of Revenue had the right to audit the accounts of the inner treasury. After Jiajing, the 1 million gold flower silver every year was the emperor's private treasury, which is also the separation of public and private.

Completely attributing the ownership of the imperial court's official factory group manufacturing to the imperial court, drawing boundaries, and completely cutting them off is conducive to the development of the Great Ming's industry and commerce.

"Viceroy Shen's words are reasonable. His ideas are based on the framework of public and private theory and contradiction theory." Zhu Yijun approved Shen Shixing's memorial and issued a decree to the Ministry of Revenue for discussion. Most of the content of the entire memorial is correct, but Zhu Yijun didn't do it that way before not for the ministers to submit, but mainly because he had no money.

According to Shen Shixing's statement, can it really completely eliminate privileged economy and separate public and private? This is a beautiful idea, but it is very difficult to achieve. At most, it is a result of mixed joy and worry.

The wool business is still completely controlled by the Jin people. The thick profit part of this wool is shared by the Jin people. This is also the reason why the Jin people did not do anything to provoke heaven's anger when the Great Ming army was campaigning. The Great Ming's crusade against the grasslands has brought great benefits to them.

If you really want to eliminate the soil of privileged economy, you must eliminate the existence of classes. It is not enough to just eliminate an emperor. The gentry and the powerful and wealthy annexing land is itself a kind of privileged economy, and exploitation is the original face of privileged economy.

To eliminate privileged economy, one must eliminate classes. The current productivity cannot do this.

Zhu Yijun picked up another memorial, from Censor Feng Mengzhen of the Censorate and Supervising Secretary Zhang Dingsi of the Ministry of War. In the memorial, they criticized the Xishan Coal Bureau in detail. This is not a memorial impeaching Wang Chonggu, but a discussion of an important problem caused by the Xishan Coal Bureau: coal smoke.

Xishan Coal Bureau mines coal mostly thirty *zhang* below. "If there is porridge at home, don't go to Mentougou."

Mentougou is the kiln well of the Xishan Coal Bureau. The Great Ming's firewood had long been exhausted. Woodcutters had to go to Miyun, Yanqing, and other places to carry firewood. As early as the Xuande era, the Great Ming's military meritocrats realized that this was a business opportunity and began to mine coal in Xishan. For this reason, a conflict broke out, and the Duke of England, Zhang Fu, was admonished. The military meritocrats had to withdraw from the competition for Xishan coal, and the Xishan kiln wells completely fell into the hands of private merchants.

Chaotic management could not provide sufficient coal supply. Instead, because the kiln wells produced various armed fights, production was destroyed. There were no norms and laws, making mining disasters frequent, and cruel exploitation also made the kiln people on the kiln wells very few. The lack of public offices also led to various conflicts that could not be adjusted, and internal friction was extremely serious. Coal prices would also soar several times to a hundred times due to heavy rain and snow.

By the beginning of the Wanli era, Wang Chonggu led the Xishan Coal Bureau and directly used arrogant and tough means to "white-confiscate" everyone's kiln wells, established official kilns, and began mining, washing coal, coking, and steelmaking. This has been the case for seven years.

In the second year of Wanli, the Xishan Coal Bureau could only provide 50 million catties of coal. By the eighth year of Wanli, it had reached 560 million catties. Sufficient supply ensured the stability of coal prices in the capital, and also allowed the population of the capital to expand again. Including the grass markets attached to the city, the population of the Great Ming capital exceeded 2 million in the eighth year of Wanli.

The coal supply of 560 million catties led to the problem of coal smoke.

Once autumn comes, after the southeast monsoon shifts to the northwest monsoon, the entire capital is filled with smoke and dust from coal production. As long as ordinary families open their windows, a large amount of black ash will cover them. Winter is the peak period for coal use, and the choking smoke will make the entire capital look like it is soaked in an ashtray, and it also carries the smell of sulfur burning. Even the golden roof of the Huangji Hall, which symbolizes imperial power, is covered with smoke and dust on the glazed tiles.

Censor Feng Mengzhen and Supervising Secretary Zhang Dingsi requested in the memorial to stop the mining, water washing, coking, and ironmaking of the Xishan Coal Bureau, but to move them away and establish them in sparsely populated areas. Moreover, the use of coal by residents in the capital should also be limited every year, and honeycomb coal should be used—a honeycomb-shaped coal made by crushing coal and adding yellow soil.

The pollution problem exists, but the grand physicians of the Jiekuyuan observed a phenomenon keenly. Before, the number of black moths and white moths in Xishan was roughly the same, but with the large-scale mining of the Xishan Coal Bureau and the increase in coal ash, the number of black moths increased rapidly, while the number of white moths decreased sharply. The closer to Xishan, the more serious the phenomenon. Black moths are less easily discovered and preyed upon by natural enemies, making them suitable for survival.

The suggestions of Feng Mengzhen and Zhang Dingsi can indeed curb the problem of coal smoke.

However, there is an extremely important problem that Feng Mengzhen and Zhang Dingsi did not discuss: how the kiln people maintain their livelihood.

"If there is no porridge at home, go to Mentougou." These two speaking officials saw the harm of coal smoke and gave a method that could alleviate the problem, but in the entire memorial, only the livelihood of the Xishan kiln people was not mentioned. The 13,000 kiln people of the Xishan Coal Bureau are 13,000 families, involving the actual lives of more than 50,000 people.

"Let the Ministry of Works discuss it." Zhu Yijun thought for a long time and wrote on the memorial: "It should be slowed down, and it is appropriate to gradually resettle the kiln people."

Feng Bao whispered, "Your Majesty, the Ministry of Works will certainly not be willing to reduce production. At present, the Great Ming capital's wool official factory and weaving bureau all need coal, steam engines need coal, iron and steelmaking, preparation of military weapons, etc., all need coal. If the Ministry of Works is asked to discuss it, the Ministry of Works also has an assessment."

Without coal, nothing can be done. If the Xishan Coal Bureau stops, the various official factories in the capital will not be able to obtain coal. Even if the open-pit mines in Shengzhou are mined and transported to the capital, what about the freight? Washing coal, coking, iron and steelmaking, and the reinvestment of relocation—who will pay for this money?

The Ministry of Works has the assessment of the Ministry of Works. If you ask the Ministry of Works, the Emperor will only get disagreement.

"What I want is the Ministry of Works' disagreement." Zhu Yijun put the memorial into the basket of the Ministry of Works and answered Feng Bao's doubt.

Pollution? The Great Ming is not yet luxurious enough to talk about this problem.

Zhu Yijun will not abandon the situation he has worked so hard to open up. What he wants is the opposition of the Ministry of Works, and at the same time, let the Ministry of Works think of a way to suppress this black ash and smoke to block the mouths of the speaking officials.

"Your Majesty is wise." Feng Bao collected the memorials approved today.

Among the memorials today, there was one from the grand physicians of the Jiekuyuan, Li Shizhen and Chen Shigong, discussing the "Mustard Seed World." Mustard seed is a Buddhist term, expressing a tiny world.

"Put Mount Sumeru in a mustard seed, hide the sun and moon in a pot."

"Buddha observes a bowl of water, eighty-four thousand insects." This is the result of the development of Great Ming optics. The appearance and improvement of telescopes and microscopes have opened the door to a new world for the grand physicians of the Jiekuyuan. In the tiny world, it is full of all kinds of strange things.

After repeated confirmation, humans, monkeys, rabbits, elephants, lions, tigers, leopards, wolves, etc., have no essential difference. They are all warm-blooded animals, their body temperature is basically constant, they all have spines, they all have hair, they all have diaphragms, and in terms of living habits, they have the characteristics of nesting, predation, viviparity, lactation, etc. And the tiny insects in the tiny world are the source of most diseases.

A variety of wild animals and plants that can be domesticated and are easy to multiply or spread have been domesticated by humans into a variety of crops and livestock. Basic production of farming and grazing has produced surplus and exchange, and surplus and exchange have made people form settled and densely populated class-based societies, finally giving birth to political frameworks, characters, weapons such as knives, guns, swords, and halberds, and ships that conquer the waves.

And crops, livestock, and dense population are the hotbeds of tiny insects in the mustard seed world. This "Brief Discussion on Hygiene" submitted by the Jiekuyuan is also to remind the Emperor to maintain hygiene for the sake of health. Faced with the increasingly serious black ash and coal smoke, the Jiekuyuan and the Royal Academy of Investigation of Things have produced a cotton mask, intending to mass-produce it, which can be considered a temporary solution.

Zhu Yijun gave a deep praise to the cotton mask. For the troops long stationed in Liaodong, Yingchang, and other places, this cotton mask is also a cold-proof item.

He is very concerned about the Songjiang School. This school, which holds the banner of freedom, has set up bookstores and schools in the capital, and intends to start a miscellaneous newspaper called "Xiaoyao Yiwen," and has also sent a great Confucian to the capital.

The Songjiang School is expanding rapidly in the south. In the memorials of Shen Shixing and Pan Jixun, they also talked about this matter. They are extremely concerned about this school. Once it is no longer a school, but has other purposes, it must be beaten into a heresy and suppressed with thunderous means.

The standard of heresy is very clear. The Great Ming forbids gathering to lecture and making noise. The standard of gathering to lecture is not vague. Instigating civil unrest is the standard. You can speak freely and express your views, but you must never use lecturing as an excuse to make noise.

On the third day of the eighth month of the ninth year of Wanli, the sky was high and the air was crisp, and the Mid-Autumn Festival was approaching. The branches and leaves of the street trees in the capital turned withered and yellow, and the maple leaves in Xishan began to turn red. The leaves of pine, maple, and oak trees were colorful, from emerald green to golden yellow, and then to deep red, with distinct layers. When the wind blew, it rolled up the fallen leaves and danced.

Xishan Dajue Temple, this ancient temple built since the Liao Dynasty, was also a few points more lively than usual. Many carriages stopped slowly in front of the ancient temple.

Various dignitaries and nobles walked out of the carriages. Today, there was obviously excitement to watch.

The former abbot of Dajue Temple, Master Lingjue, passed away. Dajue Temple held a "singing clothes meeting" according to the rules and regulations, which was to auction the relics of the passed-away master. This kind of auction has existed since the Tang Dynasty. By the two Song dynasties, the singing clothes meeting gradually became an auction meeting. There were countless strange treasures, and Master Lingjue had many friends during his lifetime. Today, people who came to send him off and mourn were also endless.

Dajue Temple is different from the general Great Ming's "sitting north and facing south." It sits west and faces east because the Khitan people respect the sun facing east, and Dajue Temple was built in the Liao Dynasty.

There is a clear spring flowing into the temple, and there is a courtyard called Qingquan Courtyard, which is a place for quiet cultivation. But in this place of quiet cultivation, a high platform was set up, surrounded by several round tables and seats, and people were moving.

The great Confucian of the Songjiang School, Lin Fucheng, came to the capital to run a publication. Hearing that Master Lingjue passed away, he specially came to mourn. The new abbot invited Lin Fucheng to lecture. Lin Fucheng could not refuse the invitation, so he had to agree. It happened that the wealthy households in the capital were coming to send off and mourn the master, and the opportunity was rare, so Lin Fucheng agreed.

Among the Jin people, Wang Qian, a playboy in the capital, Wu Shizhang of the Wenshui Wu family, Zhang Youliang of the Xuanfu Zhang family, and Fang Tang of the Jiexiu Fang family were the representatives. Among the wealthy households in the West City, Yao Guangqi of the Wu Xing Yao family, Sun Baoren of the Songjiang Sun family, and Wu Huairen of the Dongting Wu family were the representatives.

Lin Fucheng, a great Confucian scholar of the Songjiang School, came to the capital to run a publication. Hearing that Master Lingjue had passed away, he specially rushed over to pay his respects. The new abbot invited Lin Fucheng to give a lecture. Lin Fucheng found it hard to refuse such a warm invitation and agreed. It just so happened that the wealthy families of the capital were going to see off and mourn the Master, a rare opportunity, so Lin Fucheng agreed.

These wealthy households, the only one who had seen the Emperor was Wang Qian. Wang Qian saw the Emperor coming, immediately abandoned his little friends, gathered to Zhu Yijun's table, nodded and bowed, and was extremely flattering.

"You are too obvious." Zhu Yijun said slightly helplessly.

Wang Qian said righteously, "Your Majesty, what you said. Our Wang family is a treacherous official. Isn't it natural for a treacherous official to be flattering?"

"Is this Dajue Temple the 'Shetuolin' of the Sui and Tang Dynasties?" Zhu Yijun looked around and asked. Shetuolin is a mass grave. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a master built a hut here to transcend the souls of the dead in this place.

Wang Qian whispered, "Returning to Your Majesty, the Shetuolin built in the Sui and Tang Dynasties was later renamed Zhengguo Temple, and later renamed Dajue Temple."

"This Lin Fucheng's style is really big. We have arrived, but he still hasn't appeared, making people wait." Zhu Yijun frowned. He came to watch the excitement this time without any risk. Along the way, the Embroidered Uniform Guard had cleared the streets. Young Master Huang of the Great General's mansion always traveled in a high-profile manner, which was no longer a strange thing.

The Great Ming Emperor had already taken his seat, but this great Confucian had not yet arrived.

Wang Qian shook his head and said, "It's just a small trick to raise his own price. Letting people wait makes him look like he has a big style, as if in this way, he looks virtuous and respected, and what he says is listened to. It's just a small path in the Jianghu."

A big monk walked onto the high platform, folded his hands and saluted in all directions, and then said, "Buddha is merciful. Everyone, everyone, Lin Dashi is mourning in the Dabei Hall and will wait for half a quarter of an hour. If you don't dislike it, use some melon, fruit, and water food in front of the temple."

"If you eat their melon, fruit, and water food, a little monk will come to ask for incense money later. If you eat someone's mouth, you have to give it." Wang Qian said with a fierce look, "They are better at making money than our old Wang family."

"Haha." Zhu Yijun laughed. Wang Qian was obviously pitted, otherwise how could he be so familiar? Zhu Yijun didn't touch water or food when he went out of the palace. Zhang Hong brought snacks and cool boiled water.

The little novice came to ask for incense money, but Zhu Yijun didn't give it. The things on the table didn't move, and the little novice couldn't pester him, which was quite helpless.

There were many pilgrims coming and going in the temple. This was the first time he had seen someone so stingy.

Half a quarter of an hour passed, Lin Fucheng still hadn't come. After another half a quarter of an hour, Lin Fucheng arrived late, but still didn't go on stage. The new abbot of Dajue Temple went on stage and boasted about Lin Fucheng, saying things like "collecting the great achievements and continuing the lost learning of thousands of years," "opening the foolish and establishing the certain return of billions of generations," and "the way is only known when the teacher arrives."

Zhu Yijun leaned on the back of the chair, thinking that this person must have high arguments.

Zhu Yijun was very curious about how the Confucian school, which pays the most attention to filial piety and fraternal love, and pays attention to the noble and the humble, read the word "freedom" from the classics.

The freedom advocated by the Songjiang School is a bit brainless.

Lin Fucheng finally came out after being called for a long time. Finally, at the invitation of the abbot, he walked out slowly from behind, with a great Confucian style. He was in his forties, with a clean appearance, gentle and elegant, very gentle in dealing with people, and his appearance was neutral and not repulsive.

"Thanks to everyone's love, lecturing here today. If you ask me what kind of learning I am talking about, it is 'Shu' (forgiveness), it is 'Xieju' (measuring)." Lin Fucheng sat on the stage and arched his hands in all directions.

Zhu Yijun always felt that it looked familiar. Suddenly he remembered that the artists who told crosstalk in front of the Qianmen Building also had this style.

Zhu Yijun was very familiar with the way of "Xieju." Zhang Juzheng's lectures included this part. "Xie" means measuring; "Ju" means law. The way of "Xieju" is a moral norm, similar to "three feet above the head, there are gods." People must live according to moral norms, which is the way of "Xieju."

By extension, "what you don't want, don't do to others," and things you hate, don't force on others.

"Freedom means no bondage. The way of 'Xieju' lies in the fact that if I don't want it, I won't impose it on others. If others want it, they shouldn't impose it on me. I won't use my own rules to constrain others, and others shouldn't use their principles to constrain me. Unrestrained is freedom." Lin Fucheng began to outline the freedom pursued by this school.

Zhu Yijun suddenly raised his hand and asked loudly, "Then what are you lecturing for? Since you said you don't use your own rules to constrain others, you should be beyond the world. Why do you talk about this specious way of 'Xieju' in this quiet place? Are you here to teach us vulgar people? Isn't it still using your standards to require us?"

Lin Fucheng traveled all over the country and lectured countless times. This was the first time he was interrupted as soon as he opened his mouth. A burst of anger brewed in his chest and abdomen. But looking at Young Master Huang's position, and then looking at the people around him who were staying far away and looked like they couldn't be provoked, he knew that this was a person who couldn't be offended at all.

Lin Fucheng sighed and shook his head, saying, "The abbot misled me. If it weren't for the abbot's repeated persuasion, I would have left after mourning the master. It's just that the abbot said that this capital had never heard of the theory of freedom, so I told everyone what I knew and realized. If you don't like listening, you can leave by yourself."

"No, Master, you talk about this freedom, it seems too self-centered. Unrestrained? Who can live like this? May I ask Master, is freedom to follow the most basic public order and good customs and laws?" Zhu Yijun didn't continue to bite, but asked the question he most wanted to ask, about the boundaries of freedom.

Lin Fucheng knew that this question was difficult to deal with, and he was also surprised by the learning of the Confucian scholars in the capital. This opening directly asked about the root of the Songjiang School. He thought for a while and answered, "Freedom means no bondage."

He didn't answer directly, but chose to answer this question circuitously, answering vaguely, but the meaning was very clear: "no bondage" means no constraints.

"Good. Since it is no bondage, then it is my freedom to kill the master now." Zhu Yijun's hand pressed on the saber, and the Embroidered Uniform Guard Zhao Mengyou and three Embroidered Uniform Guard moved the same way. Soon, there were more than a dozen strong men in the Qingquan Courtyard. Their surface identity was the Iron Forest troops of the Great General's mansion.

Everyone present had always known that this Young Master Huang was bold, but they never expected him to be so bold.

"You!" Lin Fucheng was shocked. His eyes widened. He had traveled all over the country and had never seen such a reckless person. He said sharply, "You are killing people in broad daylight. Do you really think the Shuntian Prefecture is your family's yamen?"

Lin Fucheng accidentally told the truth. The Shuntian Prefecture yamen was really the yamen of their Zhu family...

"Look, I am young and strong, have many supporters, and have great power. Killing you is like killing a chicken. At this time, Lin Dashi thinks of the Shuntian Prefecture yamen? This freedom without any restraint, in my opinion, is just a fig leaf for bullying the weak." Zhu Yijun didn't draw his sword. The fact is that freedom has never been unrestrained and without any boundaries. He was using facts to prove this point.

"Hoo, you are right. Freedom does need to follow public order and good customs and laws. Please ask your tooth soldiers to put away their blades." Lin Fucheng didn't dare not to be cowardly. More than a dozen big men with fierce eyes were ready to draw their swords. This posture looked like if there was a disagreement, they would take his life!

Lin Fucheng thought of it as a scholar meeting a soldier, and he couldn't explain it clearly.

Zhu Yijun waved his hand, and the Embroidered Uniform Guard hid in the crowd, and then he said, "Then Master, please continue. Don't forget, you must follow the most basic public order and good customs and the Great Ming Law."

Lin Fucheng's mouth twitched, and then he began to talk about the origin of the Songjiang School.

The people in the Qingquan Courtyard were all relieved. This Young Master Huang of the Qi family had always been bold. If he really killed someone in the street, he would probably only be admonished by the Emperor and there would be no follow-up. Even the Emperor would not pursue it deeply.

General Qi was leading the main force of the Capital Battalion to campaign in the Ordos Loop. If the Young Master Huang was punished, what if General Qi led the Capital Battalion back and asked the Emperor why he killed his family? What should be done?

Without bloodshed, everyone had to praise Young Master Huang for being atmospheric and not haggling with the base scholars.

"In the far corner of the West, there is a corner called Cape Verde, which means the City of Freedom, which is unrestrained. Anyone in the City of Freedom will gain freedom." Lin Fucheng's words were already a bit lacking in confidence. The City of Freedom had no order at all except freedom.

Walking on the road, there might be a knife from behind. If you hand over the silver on your body, you might survive. If you can't take it out, you will definitely die.

This was what Lin Fucheng heard from the mouths of Western sailors.

Lin Fucheng was just fooling the Great Ming people who had no knowledge. Anyway, no one knew the real situation of the City of Freedom in the West. He just opened his upper lip and lower lip and talked nonsense. In the distant sky, there is a City of Freedom, which is the God's Kingdom of freedom. As for others, he just avoided talking about it.

Zhu Yijun held back his laughter. He always felt that the learning of the Songjiang School was somewhat incompatible with the environment of the Great Ming. After a long time, he knew the root of this school. It was right to be strange. It was not a local school of the Great Ming at all.

It came entirely from the sky passed down by sailors. Merchant ships were coming and going, culture was colliding and communicating. Suffering from the shackles of Confucianism, there was no theory to prove and support it. The wealthy wealthy households in the south wanted to be unrestrained. When they learned of the City of Freedom, they were fascinated.

Lin Fucheng was talking, and the people in the Qingquan Courtyard were listening. After listening for a long time, everyone became more and more confused.

"Since heaven gives birth to people, each has its own endowment. Those who get freedom are fully accepted. Therefore, everyone gets freedom, just make sure not to infringe on each other." Lin Fucheng finished speaking, picked up the teacup and drank some water. After saying so much, he was thirsty.

Yao Guangqi, the second son of the Yao family, raised his hand and said loudly, "Lin Dashi, are you sure you are talking about freedom, not 'non-aggression and universal love'? Mozi said, treat other people's homes as your own, then who will steal? Treat others as your own family, then where will there be thieves?"

"Yao's second son's learning is quite good." Zhu Yijun whispered to Wang Qian. Lin Fucheng talked for a long time, but the foundation of this freedom seemed to be more in line with the Mohist theory of "non-aggression and universal love." You love me, I love you, everyone is sweet, not unrestrained.

When Lin Fucheng started lecturing, Zhu Yijun forced him to admit that freedom has boundaries, which led to Lin Fucheng not being able to apply the set of "no bondage" mechanically, and the lecture naturally became unrecognizable.

"I am actually very disappointed. I thought Lin Dashi had high arguments, but it was just empty talk. His Majesty said: Any beautiful country built in fantasy will often lead people to the abyss in reality." Yao Laoer Yao Guangqi shook his head and said.

Yao Guangqi believed that the Emperor's theory based on practice was more useful.

(End of chapter) ===== CHAPTER 449 =====

Yao Guangqi believes that His Majesty's theory, which takes practice as the foundation, is more applicable.

(End of chapter)