Chapter 515: The First Technical Progress Award

Songjiang Prefecture's achievements in opening the sea were naturally due to Songjiang Prefecture's unique conditions—the Yangtze River shipping route that connects nine provinces.

In fact, the Yangtze River estuary is also one of the most complex river mouths in the world. The average water depth of the estuary is less than one *zhang*, so it is not naturally gifted. The reason why it has achieved the current situation of a hundred boats competing for flow is the result of Songjiang Prefecture's dredging for ten years. For flat-bottomed grain boats on river transport, an average water depth of less than one *zhang* can be used, but for sea ships that are often one thousand or two thousand *liao*, it becomes very chicken-rib-like, and every entry into the river is a risk.

In the ten years, under repeated dredging, the average water depth of the Yangtze River estuary increased from one *zhang* to two *zhang*, and sea ships could pass through smoothly.

Songjiang Prefecture is working hard. In these ten years, it has continuously built: shipyards, ports, bridges and roads, maritime schools, academic official factories, Ten Thousand Nations City, etc. These are the efforts of everyone in Songjiang Prefecture.

But, Songjiang Prefecture alone could not have achieved today's results.

The nine provinces of the Great Ming's Yangtze River waterway are all dredging the waterways to ensure that river boats can arrive smoothly, and the goods circulating in Songjiang Prefecture are all from all over the Great Ming's south and north. They are goods produced bit by bit by the Great Ming people.

The miracle of opening the sea is the result of ten thousand people working as one.

Songjiang Prefecture created a miracle in opening the sea. Frequent trade made this land full of opportunities and also underwent earth-shaking changes, developing many new industries. The insurance industry imported from the West was one of the changes.

Zhu Yijun held a cautious attitude toward insurance, because in this industry, there is a widespread lack of integrity.

This was not caused by individuals, but the industry itself was like this. It is a gambling agreement and part of speculative culture.

Philip II controlled a huge wool industry, and its woolen production scale was comparable to that of the Great Ming.

Zhu Yijun didn't know what Wang Chonggu was nervous about. In fact, the craftsmen had a very good view of Wang Chonggu.

In the darkest moment, from the invasion of the Altan Khan in the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing to the Ningyuan Marquis Li Chengliang's expedition to pacify the Gule Village in the first year of Wanli, it was the darkest moment of the Great Ming. During this period, the death rate of the *duntai* (beacon tower) distant marquises often exceeded 50%. Out of three thousand *duntai* distant marquises who went out of the fortress to burn wasteland or penetrate the enemy camp to explore enemy intelligence, at least half never returned.

"Do not delay production." Zhu Yijun said very clearly to Wang Chonggu.

Zhang Juzheng believed that it was better to establish perfect legal provisions to regulate the execution of contracts than for the imperial court to organize it directly.

The Xishan Coal Bureau's situation had been very bad recently. A serious production accident caused the Xishan Coal Bureau to be deeply trapped in public opinion, and it was very passive.

Gas and water inrush are the two major killers of the underground world.

"Hanging water" is naturally water droplets condensing on the well wall; "hanging red" is the appearance of red iron rust; "door head ditch" coal mines are accompanied by pyrite. Once rust is found in the excavation, stop immediately. "Water calling" is a hissing sound similar to a poisonous snake spitting its core, which is very obvious. "Cold" is the coldness when mining approaches the water accumulation area. The underground is much warmer than the ground. If you encounter cold, you must stop; that is the water accumulation area.

Zhu Yijun, who left Nanhaizi in Daxing County, went to the Yongding Woolen Factory and Yongsheng Woolen Factory. These two woolen factories were still continuously producing a large amount of woolen products, handing over nearly two million silver in terrifying profits to the national treasury and the inner treasury every year. This profit scale was almost comparable to Spain, the country on the sheep's back.

In the ninth year of Wanli, after the Great Ming conquered Bansheng, the death rate of the *duntai* distant marquises finally decreased by about 10%.

Because Songjiang Prefecture had an urgent demand, the insurance business in the Songjiang area was growing wildly. Before insuring, they managed this and that, but when it came to claims, one "reasonable and legal" term after another, one "well-founded" clause after another, taught people a simple and plain truth time and time again: there is no such thing as a pie falling from the sky. It made the insured look like fools, not understanding the terms, easily believing promises, stupid, greedy, shameful, unwise, and irrational.

There are many things here that need to be discussed. Shen Shixing just put forward this vision. Whether it should be promoted specifically depends on the imperial court's decision.

The cause of the accident was very simple: water inrush underground. This water inrush had no warning.

Zhu Yijun soon received the floating tickets from the Cabinet. The conservative Zhang Juzheng believed that the imperial court should not intervene excessively and should observe more. Zhang Juzheng believed that the imperial court's excessive intervention was an overdraft of the imperial court's credibility. The Great Ming imperial court's credibility was entirely supported by the Emperor's personal credibility. If it ended up in a mess, the imperial court's credibility would go bankrupt, and the Emperor's credibility would be implicated, which would not be worth the loss.

After pondering for a long time, Zhu Yijun finally decided to carry out a pilot project in Songjiang Prefecture and try it out. If it worked, it would be promoted further.

Whether it was the darkest moment or the dawn, or the current era of the rising sun, the *duntai* distant marquises had always been at full strength. Perhaps it was voluntary, perhaps it was forced, perhaps it was just for full pay. No matter what it was for, Zhu Yijun was grateful for the *duntai* distant marquises' contribution to the Great Ming.

Clearly it was deception, lies, and not abiding by the contract, yet they blamed the insured for easily believing those unrealistic promises.

How can you say there is no name? The rivers and mountains are the name.

When Zhu Yijun saw Wang Guoguang's memorial, he felt a darkness before his eyes. Sure enough, the thing he was worried about happened. The first function Wang Guoguang thought of was accumulation—massively accumulating silver, letting silver flow, instead of burying it in the pigsty.

In the cold winter of the tenth year of Wanli, Zhu Yijun, this Emperor, became active again. He appeared in Nanhaizi, Daxing County, which was the place where the families of the *duntai* distant marquises were settled. The Great Ming *duntai* distant marquises had always had a establishment of only three thousand people.

At the woolen factory, Zhu Yijun met many craftsmen. These were not deliberately arranged; they were all randomly pointed out by Zhu Yijun from the yellow register of the woolen factory. Before the meeting, even Feng Bao didn't know who His Majesty was going to see. Every time this day came, Wang Chonggu was always sweating profusely, because this was passing a test.

Wang Chonggu becoming one of the Water-Fire Gods of the steam engine was not without a basis in public opinion.

Craftsmen rarely raised any opinions when meeting the Emperor, unless it was a rotten matter like a gambling house. The big heads, agents, and managers in the factory opened casinos in the factory, which was really unbearable.

This accident caused more than seventy kiln workers to die underground, which immediately made the Mentougou Coal Mine the object of criticism by the censors. They insisted on asking the Ministry of Works to close the coal kilns and move the coal and steel industry downward, not to burn coal and smelt iron in the capital. The coal smoke made everyone look gray-faced.

The official factory group construction gave the craftsmen and weavers a stable life. The official factory would open work silver and New Year silver when starting work and during the New Year. Wang Chonggu turned his own share of dividends into craftsmen's dividends, and even provided schools for children to attend. In the eyes of the craftsmen, Wang Chonggu was a living Bodhisattva, even more "blue sky" than the "blue sky" master.

Shen Shixing's original intention was naturally good.

And Wang Guoguang was very active about this matter, because in Wang Guoguang's eyes, this thing was actually a variant of a money shop.

The healthy and orderly maritime trade is conducive to promoting the vigorous development of maritime trade.

"It has already been appeased, with seventeen silver in compensation for each person." Wang Chonggu hurriedly bowed and said.

In the past, water inrush accidents all had warnings: hanging water, hanging red, water calling, and cold.

For other questions, the Emperor asked, and the craftsmen would generally only answer that everything was fine.

"Have the families been appeased? Try your best to find the bodies. Just set up a monument at this mine entrance and write their names on it, so that the alarm bell rings long." Zhu Yijun stood in front of the mine cave where the accident occurred and gave instructions to Wang Chonggu on the aftermath.

Seventeen silver to buy a life—he, Wang Chonggu, looked a bit like a bloody executioner, but one must know that before the Xishan Coal Bureau was established, if the kiln workers died, they died. No one would compensate them. Going down the well was a matter of life and death.

After accompanying the Emperor to inspect the woolen factory, Wang Chonggu inspected the Xishan Coal Bureau again.

"Insurance is insurance. Talking about returns is cheating." Zhu Yijun made a comment on insurance, which could be considered as making a minimum standard for the insurance industry. Insurance is insurance, and wealth management is wealth management. But if they are mixed together, it is fraud.

Finance is an inevitable product of the development of commodity economy for a period of time. Banks, trading houses, insurance, etc., are all a form of financial institution. It is another form of collecting rent. Zhu Yijun was very disgusted with collecting rent; he preferred production. In terms of inclination, he preferred more commodities.

It was also precisely because of the widespread lack of integrity that Shen Shixing was finally prompted to request the imperial court to organize the maritime insurance industry, sweep away the monsters and demons in the Songjiang area, rectify the unhealthy trends, and let the insurance industry escort the Great Ming's maritime trade and promote commerce.

The Xishan Coal Bureau was the Great Ming's coal-steel joint operation industry's great achievement. It was absolutely impossible to stop because of the criticism of the censors.

Speculation is very easy to fall into the trap of more currency, especially when the small-scale peasant economy is transforming into a commodity economy. It is just very dangerous.

These four experiences had already helped the Xishan Coal Bureau avoid more than ten water inrush accidents, but this water inrush had no warning.

A money shop is a place that manages the custody of gold and silver, collects and pays interest, and issues loans, absorbing a large amount of silver from the people, hoarding it in "insurance," using this silver for investment, and while getting investment returns, the insurance industry itself is profitable, and there is no risk of a run.

Facing the accusations of the censors, the Minister of Works Wang Daokun avoided talking about it and only evaded. Indeed, the problem of coal smoke, especially in winter, had become a nuisance. The continuous expansion of production scale also made the entire capital in a state of haze disaster in winter. But, the 2.7 million people in the Great Ming capital needed coal, needed ironware, and coal-silver flow needed coke.

"Being an official in the capital is like this. It seems that the censors don't need to burn stoves! The coal in the furnace grew out of the coal market!" When Zhu Yijun left the Xishan Coal Bureau, he said very clearly to Wang Chonggu, "Just continue production."

Being extravagant before being rich is not allowed. The Great Ming's coal-steel joint operation had just started. No matter what, it could not stop. As long as Zhu Yijun was still alive, the censors could only be incompetent and furious.

Wang Chonggu said with a complex expression, "Your Majesty, there is an uncertain matter. We seem to have made something extraordinary."

"Extraordinary?" Zhu Yijun was stunned, looked at Wang Chonggu and said, "What did you make?"

"We don't know either." Wang Chonggu answered this question very clearly, but he knew that His Majesty would definitely be interested.

"Your Majesty, please follow me." Wang Chonggu brought His Majesty to another newly opened workshop. Here were several stoves and several pools. The three-foot-square pools all had lids, and on the lids were pipes extending to a high tower more than three *zhang* high.

Wang Chonggu said with an extremely complex expression, "Seven years ago, before the censors scolded us, we noticed the problem of coal smoke, because at that time, the kiln workers who burned coke often had lung diseases. Even if it was hot, they had to wear masks to work. That was the rule set at that time."

"The Junior Grand Secretary told me about this matter back then." Zhu Yijun knew the beginning of the story very well. Cotton masks, rattan hats, copper bell warnings, etc., were all labor protection. In this regard, Wang Chonggu had always done a good job.

Craftsmen in the industry noticed the harm caused by coal smoke earlier. The censors in the capital were far away in the capital, while the craftsmen dealt with this coal smoke every day.

Wang Chonggu continued, "At first, we built the chimneys for burning coke higher to let the coal smoke be blown away by the wind, but we failed. The coal smoke was blown away by the wind and didn't fall on the Xishan Coal Bureau, but instead fell on the capital, causing complaints."

"Three years ago, we channeled the coal smoke into a water pool, letting the water absorb the smoke and dust, turning black smoke into white smoke. For this, we built four water towers for the coke ovens."

"The water in all the water towers is circulating. Water pumped from underground enters the smoke tower, and then the blower blows the coal smoke in. You only need to make the flue height higher than the water surface to solve the backwater problem. The four smoke towers are very effective. Black smoke turned into white smoke, and clear water turned into turbid water."

Zhu Yijun was very clear about the process of treating coal smoke exhaust gas. The Ministry of Works promised the censors to make changes, not to perfunctorily, but to actively find ways. If it weren't for this treatment, the coal smoke in the capital would only be more serious.

"How to dispose of the turbid water became a problem. If it is discharged directly into the river, how could the censors let the Xishan Coal Bureau go?" Wang Chonggu shuddered when he thought of that scene. These censors didn't speak very nicely.

The Great Ming's censors were very domineering. The Xiaozong Emperor was good enough to the scholar-officials, almost following the scholar-officials in everything. As a result, in the second month of the tenth year of Hongwu, because a memorial was left in the middle and not approved, and later it didn't know where it went, the Grand Secretary Xu Pu led the Cabinet to submit a memorial and scolded the Xiaozong Emperor severely.

(Original text attached, there are many critical words behind.)

Wang Chonggu was also very afraid of the censors. Although he had many means to deal with these chattering guys, what if there was an ambush by Zhang Juzheng among them, and he was unfortunately hit? What should he do?

So Wang Chonggu was really seriously dealing with this matter. He dug more than ten sedimentation pools. After the coal smoke dust settled, the upper layer of clear water was recycled, and the lower layer of silt accumulated.

It could be considered that this problem was temporarily solved.

"The Junior Grand Secretary has a way, I am quite gratified." Zhu Yijun affirmed Wang Chonggu's work. In governing coal smoke, Wang Chonggu did not fool the censors, nor did he mean to fool His Majesty. It was just that this practice was done step by step. There was absolutely no possibility of having an effect today and tomorrow, and various methods were constantly improved in practice.

Censors always felt that they had the "power of I think." As long as they thought about it and discussed this problem, it must be solved immediately. If the coal smoke could not be solved, the Xishan Coal Bureau should be closed. Even if they didn't use coal, they had to breathe fresh air. It was unrealistic to the extreme.

Wang Chonggu fully agreed with the censors going to the border to accumulate practical experience.

"We discovered some strange things." Wang Chonggu's expression was truly extremely complex. They produced something they didn't know what it was. He bowed and said, "Your Majesty, the water that absorbs coal smoke can promote the prosperity of grass and trees."

"What do you mean?" Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Chonggu blankly and asked suspiciously, "What do you mean by promoting the prosperity of grass and trees?"

"Coal smoke and water become a kind of water fertilizer. When poured on the land, it can make grass and trees grow like fertilization." Wang Chonggu didn't know what it was, but he was very clear about the effect.

This phenomenon started from around the sedimentation pool. The grass and trees near the sedimentation pool were much more vigorous than in other places. At first, they thought it was because of the water. Later, they sprinkled the clear water after repeated circulation and sedimentation on the grass, only to find that it was water fertilizer.

The grass and trees around the sedimentation pool were exceptionally vigorous. The growth difference between using clear water irrigation and using coal smoke water irrigation was very large, just like fertilization.

The Xishan Coal Bureau called it water fertilizer.

Zhu Yijun was stunned for a moment, thought for a while, and knew what Wang Chonggu had made—a low-concentration ammonia water, which is ammonia fertilizer.

"Later, we kept experimenting and built such a stove." Wang Chonggu introduced the production process while looking at the workshop.

The workshop was a trial production. It was a rectangular earth kiln one *zhang* high built with bricks and stones. Every 2.5 *chi* there was a kiln door, which could push the coal cart into it. An earth kiln had seven kiln chambers, and there were fire walls between each kiln door to heat and maintain the temperature. This was burning coke. Above each kiln chamber of the earth kiln, there were seven iron pipes six inches thick arranged side by side. The iron pipes extended into the cooling pool.

The bottom of the cooling pool was densely covered with fine lead pipes. Outside the cooling pool, there were upper and lower pipes. The upper pipe was waste gas, and the lower pipe went directly into the water pool to obtain water fertilizer. The upper pipe waste gas passed through four smoke towers three *zhang* and two *chi* high, and also obtained water fertilizer.

A total of two types of water fertilizer were obtained.

"Open it and take a look." Zhu Yijun stood by the water pool collecting water fertilizer from the lower pipe and said.

Wang Chonggu said with difficulty, "Your Majesty, wait until the spring of next year to see the effect. This smell is very, very stinky."

"Open it." Zhu Yijun shook his head and said.

Wang Chonggu saw that His Majesty wouldn't listen to his advice and insisted on seeing it. He took three steps back and ordered the craftsmen to open the cover plate of the lower water pipe collecting water fertilizer.

Through the cotton mask, Zhu Yijun still smelled a pungent stench, like the disgusting stench of urine on paper being lit, and almost vomited.

"Close it, close it!" Feng Bao immediately directed the craftsmen to close the cover plate.

"Although it is very stinky, it is indeed a good thing. This first collected water fertilizer still needs to be diluted with water before it can be used, otherwise it will burn the seedlings." Zhu Yijun knew how to farm. Fertilization is not the more the better. If there is too much fertilizer, it will burn the seedlings, and if there is too little fertilizer, there will be a poor harvest.

"Open the cover plate of the second collection." Zhu Yijun ordered the craftsmen.

The second cover plate was opened. Zhu Yijun smelled it slightly. Maybe it was the smell of high-concentration ammonia water the first time that raised the threshold. The smell of the low-concentration ammonia water collected the second time was very light, at least not nauseating.

Zhu Yijun nodded to signal the craftsmen to cover it.

Confirmed, it is ammonia water.

The first collected ammonia water was the ammonia nitrogen gas after the coal was burned into coke, which was formed by dissolving in the water of the collection pool after being cooled by lead pipes. The concentration was relatively high, and the smell was extremely strong, even nauseating. The second was the ammonia gas in the tail gas, which was dissolved in water in the four absorption towers.

"Your Majesty, I also discovered that this thing can not only be burned out of coal, but also out of coal gangue." Wang Chonggu introduced the production process. Coal gangue is a stone with less carbon content. When washing coal and screening coal, it will be picked out. It cannot be burned, and it cannot be burned into coke. It is usually used as a raw material for burning lime and cement.

After the workshop was set up, the Xishan Coal Bureau burned many strange things. Coal gangue was just one of them. They even burned the glaze of the iron smelting factory. Glaze couldn't burn out water fertilizer, but coal gangue, this cheap thing, the mine had as much as it wanted. That is to say, water fertilizer could be mass-produced.

"Junior Grand Secretary Wang, where is the person who made this set of things?" Zhu Yijun asked.

Wang Chonggu said to Wang Qian, who was confused on the side, "Go and call the great craftsman Wei Youshan."

"Okay!" Wang Qian ran to call someone in a flash. Not long after, a craftsman with a dark face came to His Majesty.

Wei Youshan, the gullies on his face were black ash, and the palm prints and calluses on his palms were also black, written with the traces of coal. He was a man from Shuntian Prefecture, an old kiln worker in Xishan. Before the Xishan Coal Bureau was established, he had already been mining coal in Xishan. After the Xishan Coal Bureau was established, he became the master of the coal mountain.

Great craftsman, great master, great manager—these were all Wei Youshan's titles. He was in charge of the technology of the mine.

After Zhu Yijun inquired in detail, he said to Wang Chonggu, "Last time, the Junior Grand Secretary mentioned the Technical Progress Award. This year, let's set it for Wei Youshan. It will be awarded after the New Year."

The significance of water fertilizer need not be repeated. The Great Ming is a typical agricultural country, and it is an agricultural country with a small-scale peasant economy. The appearance and mass production of water fertilizer represent the large-scale output of grain. The three largest coal and iron factories in the Great Ming—the Capital Coal and Iron Factory, the Shengzhou Coal and Iron Factory, and the Womagang Coal and Iron Factory—as long as they are mass-produced, the output of grain will be sufficient.

Everything else is nonsense. If the people can eat their fill, that is everything.

The Great Ming has a total of only about 120 million people, supported by the Great Ming's 800 million *mu* of land. Coupled with water fertilizer, Zhu Yijun dared not boast that they could eat their fill, but they could think about having food to eat.

"Good, good, good!" Zhu Yijun said "good" three times, sat on the imperial carriage, and left the Xishan Coal Bureau.

The Great Ming had never clarified the ceremony for the Technical Progress Award, because they had only agreed orally with Wang Chonggu before. No one expected that a technical progress worthy of an award would suddenly appear so quickly!

But it was still in time. The Ministry of Rites setting a new ceremony was not a difficult thing. They had done too many rebellious things, and the Ministry of Rites was used to it.

"His Majesty really knows how to farm. I thought he was just putting on a show." Wang Qian said with admiration. He didn't understand the significance of water fertilizer at all. Wang Chonggu taught him by ear and by mouth, pulled Wang Qian's ears, and took Wang Qian to the field for a turn.

A *mu* of land without fertilization could not even produce one hundred *jin* of grain, but land with compost could produce two hundred *jin* of grain. The Great Ming's land needs rotation, and with water fertilizer, there is no need to plant beans. The North China Plain, which has two harvests a year, can plant grain twice a year, and Liaodong, which has one harvest a year, can plant grain every year.

Two parts planting, three parts management, five parts fertilizer—this is a truth that His Majesty practiced when he was ten years old. Wang Qian is thirty-five years old, and he doesn't even understand the significance of water fertilizer.

Wang Chonggu demonstrated the manufacture of water fertilizer. The Emperor didn't even ask, and directly awarded the prize, because those who farm know the importance of fertilizer. No matter how good the seeds are and how diligent the people are, without fertilizer, it is all in vain.

"What nonsense are you talking about! His Majesty started farming when he was ten years old, and it has never stopped for ten years. The Baogi Division of the West Garden is an official office set up in the forbidden garden. There are only three external offices in the imperial palace: the Wenyuan Pavilion, the Six Sections Corridor, and the Baogi Division. Do you think His Majesty is as ignorant of the five grains as you?" Wang Chonggu slapped Wang Qian on the forehead, talking nonsense.

Zhang Juzheng was crazy to suggest to His Majesty to abolish the Cabinet? That wasn't because Zhang Juzheng felt that His Majesty's wisdom was enough to support the unitary autocracy political model. That is the most efficient, and of course, the most tiring.

Wang Chonggu still remembers that His Majesty was wearing a short jacket and trousers, harvesting sweet potatoes on Wanshan Mountain, and said that Yang Bo's "originating from oneself is unfaithful"—unfaithful to the world, unfaithful to the country, unfaithful to the monarch, unfaithful to one's own cognition, unfaithful to one's own spirituality. After Yang Bo retired to his hometown, until he died of illness, he still had lingering fears about this sentence. Before he died, he repeated it to his son: being unfaithful to one's own cognition and spirituality is a denial of one's life.

Yang Bo really died of depression.

His Majesty's farming caused a lot of trouble. Personally engaging in agriculture was never an empty word. For ten years, it had never stopped. The year before last, he even went to Gangmo land to harvest two *mu* of land, deeply understanding how difficult and bitter it was for the people to have something to eat.

Wang Chonggu always felt that the imperial court was overly conservative in some policies, always worrying about the world being in turmoil. In Wang Chonggu's view, they could be bolder. With the iron triangle of His Majesty, Zhang Juzheng, and Qi Jiguang in the court, who would dare to revolt? It would be better to bypass the intermediate links, find a rope to hang themselves, and go directly to hell.

The core of this iron triangle is the Emperor.

Unless the Emperor becomes like Li Longji one day, complacent and starting to slack off, or even fooling around, there will be an opportunity to take advantage of.

Zhu Yijun was in a good mood. He hummed the little tune composed by Wang Yaozhuo, with a sunny smile, returned to the capital, sat at the long table in the Imperial Study, still shaking his head, and even the memorials of the "cheap scholars" looked pleasing to his eyes. He didn't reprimand them, but encouraged them to walk more and see more, to practice, instead of empty talk.

"San Niangzi Zhongshun has entered the capital again, still transporting wool into the capital, intending to spend the New Year in the capital." Feng Bao mentioned the arrival of the Third San Niangzi. The Third San Niangzi is the Viceroy of Suiyuan. According to the rules, she should not enter the capital to report on her duties—she is a foreign official—but the Third San Niangzi's status is special. She is the representative of the peace faction among the Northern Barbarians. Entering the capital to see the Emperor is also a gesture of mutual peace of mind. This gesture represents the direction of the court's policy.

"Arrange for San Niangzi Zhongshun to have an audience." Zhu Yijun nodded. He picked up the Third San Niangzi's memorial and read it carefully.

Its content can be summarized as: Enclosure animal husbandry is the result of the high development of planting.

Nomadic life is the way of production with the lowest efficiency in animal husbandry. Compared with fixed grazing, it is far behind.

The Third San Niangzi thanked the Emperor for his great grace, which brought stability and harmony to the grassland.

(End of chapter) ===== CHAPTER 516 =====

(End of this chapter)